PSY 101 Straighterline Final Exam 175
QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Course
Psy 101
Q1.
In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments, what was the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A. The sound of the bell
B. The salivation to food
C. The food itself
D. The salivation to the bell
Answer: C
Solution: The unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a
response—in this case, food triggers salivation.
Q2.
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for forming new memories?
A. Hippocampus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla
Answer: A
Solution: The hippocampus (in the limbic system) is essential for consolidating short-term
memories into long-term storage.
Q3.
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the primary developmental conflict during
adolescence is:
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame
C. Identity vs. role confusion
D. Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: C
Solution: Adolescents face the challenge of developing a stable sense of identity versus
confusion about their roles.
,Q4.
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes unconscious drives and early childhood
experiences?
A. Behavioral
B. Psychodynamic
C. Humanistic
D. Cognitive
Answer: B
Solution: The psychodynamic perspective (Freud) stresses unconscious motives and childhood
experiences as critical influences.
Q5.
In an experiment, the group that does not receive the independent variable is called the:
A. Experimental group
B. Dependent group
C. Control group
D. Placebo group
Answer: C
Solution: The control group provides a baseline to compare effects of the independent variable.
Q6.
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest resistance to extinction?
A. Fixed interval
B. Variable interval
C. Fixed ratio
D. Variable ratio
Answer: D
Solution: Variable ratio (e.g., slot machines) provides reinforcement unpredictably after varying
responses, making it highly resistant to extinction.
Q7.
,Which theory of emotion states that we experience emotion after we interpret physiological
arousal?
A. James-Lange Theory
B. Cannon-Bard Theory
C. Two-Factor (Schachter-Singer) Theory
D. Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Answer: A
Solution: James-Lange proposes that bodily arousal occurs first, and then we interpret it as
emotion (e.g., “I feel afraid because I tremble”).
Q8.
What is the serial position effect?
A. People remember best when information is repeated
B. People remember items best when they are grouped
C. People remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle
D. People forget most information after 24 hours
Answer: C
Solution: The serial position effect (primacy and recency effect) shows that items at the
beginning and end of a list are remembered more easily.
Q9.
In Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by object
permanence?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Answer: B
Solution: Object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
—develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth–2 years).
Q10.
Which neurotransmitter is most strongly linked with depression when levels are too low?
A. Dopamine
, B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Answer: B
Solution: Low serotonin levels are associated with depression, and many antidepressants
(SSRIs) increase serotonin activity.
Q11.
Which research method allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships?
A. Naturalistic observation
B. Experiment
C. Survey
D. Case study
Answer: B
Solution: Only experiments, through manipulation of variables and control groups, allow
determination of causation.
Q12.
Which part of the nervous system controls “fight-or-flight” responses?
A. Parasympathetic nervous system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Central nervous system
Answer: B
Solution: The sympathetic nervous system activates bodily resources in emergencies (elevates
heart rate, dilates pupils, etc.).
Q13.
What does the myelin sheath do?
A. Protects the neuron’s nucleus
B. Stores neurotransmitters
C. Speeds up neural transmission
D. Produces hormones
QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Course
Psy 101
Q1.
In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments, what was the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A. The sound of the bell
B. The salivation to food
C. The food itself
D. The salivation to the bell
Answer: C
Solution: The unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a
response—in this case, food triggers salivation.
Q2.
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for forming new memories?
A. Hippocampus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebellum
D. Medulla
Answer: A
Solution: The hippocampus (in the limbic system) is essential for consolidating short-term
memories into long-term storage.
Q3.
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the primary developmental conflict during
adolescence is:
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame
C. Identity vs. role confusion
D. Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: C
Solution: Adolescents face the challenge of developing a stable sense of identity versus
confusion about their roles.
,Q4.
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes unconscious drives and early childhood
experiences?
A. Behavioral
B. Psychodynamic
C. Humanistic
D. Cognitive
Answer: B
Solution: The psychodynamic perspective (Freud) stresses unconscious motives and childhood
experiences as critical influences.
Q5.
In an experiment, the group that does not receive the independent variable is called the:
A. Experimental group
B. Dependent group
C. Control group
D. Placebo group
Answer: C
Solution: The control group provides a baseline to compare effects of the independent variable.
Q6.
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest resistance to extinction?
A. Fixed interval
B. Variable interval
C. Fixed ratio
D. Variable ratio
Answer: D
Solution: Variable ratio (e.g., slot machines) provides reinforcement unpredictably after varying
responses, making it highly resistant to extinction.
Q7.
,Which theory of emotion states that we experience emotion after we interpret physiological
arousal?
A. James-Lange Theory
B. Cannon-Bard Theory
C. Two-Factor (Schachter-Singer) Theory
D. Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Answer: A
Solution: James-Lange proposes that bodily arousal occurs first, and then we interpret it as
emotion (e.g., “I feel afraid because I tremble”).
Q8.
What is the serial position effect?
A. People remember best when information is repeated
B. People remember items best when they are grouped
C. People remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle
D. People forget most information after 24 hours
Answer: C
Solution: The serial position effect (primacy and recency effect) shows that items at the
beginning and end of a list are remembered more easily.
Q9.
In Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by object
permanence?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Answer: B
Solution: Object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
—develops during the sensorimotor stage (birth–2 years).
Q10.
Which neurotransmitter is most strongly linked with depression when levels are too low?
A. Dopamine
, B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Answer: B
Solution: Low serotonin levels are associated with depression, and many antidepressants
(SSRIs) increase serotonin activity.
Q11.
Which research method allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships?
A. Naturalistic observation
B. Experiment
C. Survey
D. Case study
Answer: B
Solution: Only experiments, through manipulation of variables and control groups, allow
determination of causation.
Q12.
Which part of the nervous system controls “fight-or-flight” responses?
A. Parasympathetic nervous system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Central nervous system
Answer: B
Solution: The sympathetic nervous system activates bodily resources in emergencies (elevates
heart rate, dilates pupils, etc.).
Q13.
What does the myelin sheath do?
A. Protects the neuron’s nucleus
B. Stores neurotransmitters
C. Speeds up neural transmission
D. Produces hormones
