Materials Science and Engineering
allotropy - ANSWERSelemental solids having more than one crystal structure
amorphous - ANSWERSlacks arrangement of atoms (without form)
ansiotropy - ANSWERSproperties are dependent on direction
coordination number - ANSWERSatoms touching unit cell. ex (FCC = 12) (BCC = 8)
crystalline - ANSWERSmaterial's atoms are in repeating pattern or periodic array over large
atomic distnces
isotropic - ANSWERSmeasured properties are independent of direction
7 crystal systems - ANSWERScubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, rhombohedral, orthohombic,
monoclinic, triclinic
polycrystalline - ANSWERScrystaline solid composed of many small crystals or grains
polymorphism - ANSWERSwhen metals or nonmetals have more than one crystal structure
point defects - ANSWERSvacancies and self interstitials
solid solution rules (hume rothery) - ANSWERS1) same atomic size (within %15)
2) same crystal structure
3) same electronegativity
,4) same valences
weight percent - ANSWERS[ m1 / (m1 +m2) ](x100)
moles (n) - ANSWERSatomic mass / atomic weight
linear defects (dislocations) - ANSWERSedge and screw
interfacial defects - ANSWERSmismatch between adjacent grains
solute - ANSWERSThe substance that is dissolved
solvent - ANSWERSa liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
anelasticity - ANSWERStime depenent elasticity
resilience - ANSWERSarea under linear portion of curve (under yield point)
toughness - ANSWERSarea under entire curve (ultimate)
slip - ANSWERSdislocation motion
strengthening mechanisms - ANSWERS1) solid solution ( alloying with impurties = change in
structure)
2) strain hardening (plastically deformed = cold working
3)grain size reduction (makes grain boundary smaller for dislocation motion)
,eutectoid - ANSWERS1) one solid phase transforms to two other solid phases
2) all solid
eutectic - ANSWERSWhen 2 solids are mixed together to form a liquid
peritectic - ANSWERSliquid and one solid phase transform to a second solid phase
homogeous nucleation - ANSWERSnuclei form uniformly in substance
heterogeneous nucleation - ANSWERSnuclei form at surface, on walls, boundaries ect.
spheroidite heat treatment - ANSWERSheat to just below eutectoid and hold for long time (4
days)
tempered martensite heat treatment - ANSWERSaustenitize, quench, heat from 250-650 and
hold for 2 hours. cool to room temp.
coarse pealite - ANSWERScool to ~650
fine pearlite - ANSWERScool to ~550
bainite - ANSWERScool to ~450
rock salt - ANSWERS1) (NaCl)
2) AX structure
3) 5,4,5 cation (z=1,z=2,z-3)
, 4) CN = 6
cesium chloride - ANSWERS1) CsCl
2) AX structure
3) looks like BCC with centered cesium
4) CN = 8
Zinc Blende - ANSWERS1)ZnS
2) AX structure
3) 5,2,4,2,5, (z=1,z=2,z=3,z=4,z=5)
4) CN = 4
5) ex = diamond
Flourite - ANSWERS1)CaF2
2) A X2 structure
3) big box
4) CN = 8
Perovskite - ANSWERS1)BaTiO3
2) AB X3 structure
3) box Ba, cross O, centered Ti
4) CN = 4
Schottky defect - ANSWERSone cation&anion vacancy pair
Frankel Defect - ANSWERSone cation vacancy & cation interstitial
allotropy - ANSWERSelemental solids having more than one crystal structure
amorphous - ANSWERSlacks arrangement of atoms (without form)
ansiotropy - ANSWERSproperties are dependent on direction
coordination number - ANSWERSatoms touching unit cell. ex (FCC = 12) (BCC = 8)
crystalline - ANSWERSmaterial's atoms are in repeating pattern or periodic array over large
atomic distnces
isotropic - ANSWERSmeasured properties are independent of direction
7 crystal systems - ANSWERScubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, rhombohedral, orthohombic,
monoclinic, triclinic
polycrystalline - ANSWERScrystaline solid composed of many small crystals or grains
polymorphism - ANSWERSwhen metals or nonmetals have more than one crystal structure
point defects - ANSWERSvacancies and self interstitials
solid solution rules (hume rothery) - ANSWERS1) same atomic size (within %15)
2) same crystal structure
3) same electronegativity
,4) same valences
weight percent - ANSWERS[ m1 / (m1 +m2) ](x100)
moles (n) - ANSWERSatomic mass / atomic weight
linear defects (dislocations) - ANSWERSedge and screw
interfacial defects - ANSWERSmismatch between adjacent grains
solute - ANSWERSThe substance that is dissolved
solvent - ANSWERSa liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
anelasticity - ANSWERStime depenent elasticity
resilience - ANSWERSarea under linear portion of curve (under yield point)
toughness - ANSWERSarea under entire curve (ultimate)
slip - ANSWERSdislocation motion
strengthening mechanisms - ANSWERS1) solid solution ( alloying with impurties = change in
structure)
2) strain hardening (plastically deformed = cold working
3)grain size reduction (makes grain boundary smaller for dislocation motion)
,eutectoid - ANSWERS1) one solid phase transforms to two other solid phases
2) all solid
eutectic - ANSWERSWhen 2 solids are mixed together to form a liquid
peritectic - ANSWERSliquid and one solid phase transform to a second solid phase
homogeous nucleation - ANSWERSnuclei form uniformly in substance
heterogeneous nucleation - ANSWERSnuclei form at surface, on walls, boundaries ect.
spheroidite heat treatment - ANSWERSheat to just below eutectoid and hold for long time (4
days)
tempered martensite heat treatment - ANSWERSaustenitize, quench, heat from 250-650 and
hold for 2 hours. cool to room temp.
coarse pealite - ANSWERScool to ~650
fine pearlite - ANSWERScool to ~550
bainite - ANSWERScool to ~450
rock salt - ANSWERS1) (NaCl)
2) AX structure
3) 5,4,5 cation (z=1,z=2,z-3)
, 4) CN = 6
cesium chloride - ANSWERS1) CsCl
2) AX structure
3) looks like BCC with centered cesium
4) CN = 8
Zinc Blende - ANSWERS1)ZnS
2) AX structure
3) 5,2,4,2,5, (z=1,z=2,z=3,z=4,z=5)
4) CN = 4
5) ex = diamond
Flourite - ANSWERS1)CaF2
2) A X2 structure
3) big box
4) CN = 8
Perovskite - ANSWERS1)BaTiO3
2) AB X3 structure
3) box Ba, cross O, centered Ti
4) CN = 4
Schottky defect - ANSWERSone cation&anion vacancy pair
Frankel Defect - ANSWERSone cation vacancy & cation interstitial
