Solution Manual for Fluid Mechanics with Civil
Engineering
Wall layer - ANSWERSLaminar shear stress dominated near wall
Fluid - ANSWERSA substance that deforms continuously under shear stress. Solid can resist a
shear force by a static deformation (without moving). Fluids cannot resist a shear force, always
moves even with smallest shear.
No-Slip boundary condition - ANSWERSFlow velocity relative to the boundary is zero.
Slip boundary condition - ANSWERSRelative speed between fluid and boundary with no
penetration.
Center of pressure - ANSWERSPoint where hydrostatic force actually acts, lower than CG.
Assumptions for Bernoulli's equation - ANSWERSSteady flow, incompressible flow, inviscid flow,
fluid acts along a streamline.
Body Forces - ANSWERSForces that act throughout the volume of a body (e.g., gravity).
Surface Forces - ANSWERSForces that act on fluid elements across a surface (e.g., pressure
forces, viscous forces).
Matter's 2 states - ANSWERSSolid and fluid(liquid and gas)
Normal forces - ANSWERSPressure or compressive forces
, Tangential forces - ANSWERSShear force
Fluid density, 𝜌 (rho) - ANSWERSMass per unit volume. 𝜌 = m/v
Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity - ANSWERSEach additive term in an equation must have
the same dimension.
Liquid vs solid - ANSWERSLiquids can have a free surface, gasses cannot -> they tend to expand
to fill available volume.
Continuum Approximation - ANSWERSTreats material as having a continuous distribution of
mass.
4 primary dimensions - ANSWERSMass{M}, length{L}, time{T}, temperature{Θ}
Eulerian Reference Frame - ANSWERSObserve from fixed position as fluid flows by. The
properties of a flow field are described as functions of space coordinates and time.
Lagrangian Reference Frame - ANSWERSJump in and follow a fluid element. A frame of
reference that follows the trajectories of individualparticles or bodies.
Enthalpy - ANSWERSA thermodynamic property. It is equal to the internal energy of the system
plus the product of pressure and volume. Has energy-like units, Joule per Kg.
Entropy - ANSWERSA measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system.
unit of joules per kelvin (J⋅K−1).
Engineering
Wall layer - ANSWERSLaminar shear stress dominated near wall
Fluid - ANSWERSA substance that deforms continuously under shear stress. Solid can resist a
shear force by a static deformation (without moving). Fluids cannot resist a shear force, always
moves even with smallest shear.
No-Slip boundary condition - ANSWERSFlow velocity relative to the boundary is zero.
Slip boundary condition - ANSWERSRelative speed between fluid and boundary with no
penetration.
Center of pressure - ANSWERSPoint where hydrostatic force actually acts, lower than CG.
Assumptions for Bernoulli's equation - ANSWERSSteady flow, incompressible flow, inviscid flow,
fluid acts along a streamline.
Body Forces - ANSWERSForces that act throughout the volume of a body (e.g., gravity).
Surface Forces - ANSWERSForces that act on fluid elements across a surface (e.g., pressure
forces, viscous forces).
Matter's 2 states - ANSWERSSolid and fluid(liquid and gas)
Normal forces - ANSWERSPressure or compressive forces
, Tangential forces - ANSWERSShear force
Fluid density, 𝜌 (rho) - ANSWERSMass per unit volume. 𝜌 = m/v
Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity - ANSWERSEach additive term in an equation must have
the same dimension.
Liquid vs solid - ANSWERSLiquids can have a free surface, gasses cannot -> they tend to expand
to fill available volume.
Continuum Approximation - ANSWERSTreats material as having a continuous distribution of
mass.
4 primary dimensions - ANSWERSMass{M}, length{L}, time{T}, temperature{Θ}
Eulerian Reference Frame - ANSWERSObserve from fixed position as fluid flows by. The
properties of a flow field are described as functions of space coordinates and time.
Lagrangian Reference Frame - ANSWERSJump in and follow a fluid element. A frame of
reference that follows the trajectories of individualparticles or bodies.
Enthalpy - ANSWERSA thermodynamic property. It is equal to the internal energy of the system
plus the product of pressure and volume. Has energy-like units, Joule per Kg.
Entropy - ANSWERSA measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system.
unit of joules per kelvin (J⋅K−1).
