TEST BANK For Principles of Human
Physiology, 6th Edition by Stanfield
cells - ANSWERSThe smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions.
four broad categories of cells - ANSWERSneurons, muscle, epithelial, and connective tissue.
basement membrane - ANSWERSA noncellular material associated with epithelial cells.
epithelial cells - ANSWERSCells found in the linings of hollow organs that separate fluids in the
interior cavity from surrounding body fluids.
lumen - ANSWERSThe interior cavity of a hollow organ or vessel.
muscle tissue - ANSWERSThe tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement,
controlled both voluntarily and involuntarily.
glands - ANSWERSDerived from epithelial tissue.
muscle - ANSWERSA type of tissue that is responsible for the movement of the body.
connective - ANSWERSA category of tissue that supports, binds together, and protects tissues
and organs of the body.
epithelial - ANSWERSA type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
nerve - ANSWERSA type of tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body.
,reticular - ANSWERSA type of connective tissue that forms a supportive framework for organs.
blood - ANSWERSA fluid connective tissue that transports nutrients, gases, and waste products.
bone - ANSWERSA rigid connective tissue that forms the skeleton and supports the body.
fat - ANSWERSA type of connective tissue that stores energy and provides insulation.
lymph - ANSWERSA fluid connective tissue involved in immune responses.
neurons - ANSWERSCells that transmit nerve impulses.
muscle cells - ANSWERSCells that make up muscle tissue.
epithelial cells - ANSWERSCells that make up epithelial tissue.
connective tissue cells - ANSWERSCells that make up connective tissue.
endocrine cells - ANSWERSCells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
extracellular matrix - ANSWERSThe noncellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of
connective tissue together.
collagen - ANSWERSA protein found in connective tissue that provides tensile strength to resist
stretching.
,elastin - ANSWERSA protein in connective tissue that allows tissues to resume their shape after
stretching.
basement membrane - ANSWERSA thin layer of fibrous material that anchors epithelial tissue to
underlying connective tissue.
tendons - ANSWERSStructures that attach muscle to bone.
ligaments - ANSWERSStructures that connect bone to bone.
aponeuroses - ANSWERSBroad, flat tendons that connect muscles to the parts they move.
organs - ANSWERSStructures composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform
specific functions.
cells - ANSWERSThe basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
tissues - ANSWERSGroups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
organ systems - ANSWERSGroups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.
absorption - ANSWERSThe uptake of nutrients across the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal
tract and into the bloodstream.
endocrine - ANSWERSThe organ system that includes glands that secrete hormones.
gastrointestinal system - ANSWERSA system involved in the digestion and absorption of food.
, respiratory system - ANSWERSA system responsible for the exchange of gases between the body
and the environment.
cardiovascular system - ANSWERSA system that circulates blood throughout the body, delivering
oxygen and nutrients.
urinary system - ANSWERSA system responsible for the elimination of waste products from the
body and regulation of water balance.
gastrointestinal and urinary systems - ANSWERSSystems that work together in digestion and
waste elimination.
filtration - ANSWERSThe process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the
kidneys.
excretion - ANSWERSThe process of eliminating waste products from the body.
secretion - ANSWERSThe process of producing and releasing substances from cells.
absorption - ANSWERSThe process of taking in nutrients from the digestive tract into the
bloodstream.
reabsorption - ANSWERSThe process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the
tubules back into the bloodstream.
selectively permeable membrane - ANSWERSA membrane that allows the movement of
particular molecules across it.
Physiology, 6th Edition by Stanfield
cells - ANSWERSThe smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions.
four broad categories of cells - ANSWERSneurons, muscle, epithelial, and connective tissue.
basement membrane - ANSWERSA noncellular material associated with epithelial cells.
epithelial cells - ANSWERSCells found in the linings of hollow organs that separate fluids in the
interior cavity from surrounding body fluids.
lumen - ANSWERSThe interior cavity of a hollow organ or vessel.
muscle tissue - ANSWERSThe tissue type that generates mechanical force and movement,
controlled both voluntarily and involuntarily.
glands - ANSWERSDerived from epithelial tissue.
muscle - ANSWERSA type of tissue that is responsible for the movement of the body.
connective - ANSWERSA category of tissue that supports, binds together, and protects tissues
and organs of the body.
epithelial - ANSWERSA type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
nerve - ANSWERSA type of tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body.
,reticular - ANSWERSA type of connective tissue that forms a supportive framework for organs.
blood - ANSWERSA fluid connective tissue that transports nutrients, gases, and waste products.
bone - ANSWERSA rigid connective tissue that forms the skeleton and supports the body.
fat - ANSWERSA type of connective tissue that stores energy and provides insulation.
lymph - ANSWERSA fluid connective tissue involved in immune responses.
neurons - ANSWERSCells that transmit nerve impulses.
muscle cells - ANSWERSCells that make up muscle tissue.
epithelial cells - ANSWERSCells that make up epithelial tissue.
connective tissue cells - ANSWERSCells that make up connective tissue.
endocrine cells - ANSWERSCells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
extracellular matrix - ANSWERSThe noncellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of
connective tissue together.
collagen - ANSWERSA protein found in connective tissue that provides tensile strength to resist
stretching.
,elastin - ANSWERSA protein in connective tissue that allows tissues to resume their shape after
stretching.
basement membrane - ANSWERSA thin layer of fibrous material that anchors epithelial tissue to
underlying connective tissue.
tendons - ANSWERSStructures that attach muscle to bone.
ligaments - ANSWERSStructures that connect bone to bone.
aponeuroses - ANSWERSBroad, flat tendons that connect muscles to the parts they move.
organs - ANSWERSStructures composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform
specific functions.
cells - ANSWERSThe basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
tissues - ANSWERSGroups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
organ systems - ANSWERSGroups of organs that work together to perform complex functions.
absorption - ANSWERSThe uptake of nutrients across the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal
tract and into the bloodstream.
endocrine - ANSWERSThe organ system that includes glands that secrete hormones.
gastrointestinal system - ANSWERSA system involved in the digestion and absorption of food.
, respiratory system - ANSWERSA system responsible for the exchange of gases between the body
and the environment.
cardiovascular system - ANSWERSA system that circulates blood throughout the body, delivering
oxygen and nutrients.
urinary system - ANSWERSA system responsible for the elimination of waste products from the
body and regulation of water balance.
gastrointestinal and urinary systems - ANSWERSSystems that work together in digestion and
waste elimination.
filtration - ANSWERSThe process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the
kidneys.
excretion - ANSWERSThe process of eliminating waste products from the body.
secretion - ANSWERSThe process of producing and releasing substances from cells.
absorption - ANSWERSThe process of taking in nutrients from the digestive tract into the
bloodstream.
reabsorption - ANSWERSThe process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the
tubules back into the bloodstream.
selectively permeable membrane - ANSWERSA membrane that allows the movement of
particular molecules across it.
