Final Exam - Pharmacology ECPI LATEST 2025 /2026
EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS||
NEWEST VERSION!!!
Nicotinic N (neuronal) Location -CORRECTANSWER All autonomic nervous system
ganglia and the adrenal medulla
Nicotinic N (neuronal) response -CORRECTANSWER Stimulation of parasympathetic
and sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves and release of epinephrine from adrenal
medulla
Nicotinic M (muscle) Location -CORRECTANSWER Neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic M (muscle) Response -CORRECTANSWER contraction of skeletal muscle
Muscarinic Locations -CORRECTANSWER Eye, Heart, Lung, Bladder, GI tract Sweat
glands, Sex organs, Blood vessels
Muscarinic Responses by location -CORRECTANSWER a) Eye: Contraction of ciliary
muscle focuses lens for near vision. Contraction of iris sphincter causes miosis
(constriction)
,b) Heart: Decreased rate
c) Lung: Constriction of bronchi
Promotions of secretions
d) Bladder: Detrusor contraction increases bladder pressure
Relaxation of trigone and sphincter allows urine to leave the bladder. Both effects
causes voiding of bladder
e) GI tract: Salivation, Increased gastric secretion, Increased intestinal tone and motility,
Defecation
f) Sweat glands: Generalized sweating
g) Sex organs: Erection
h) Blood vessels: vasodilation
Alpha 1 Locations -CORRECTANSWER Eye, Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus
membranes), Veins, Sex organs, Prostatic capsule, Bladder
Alpha 1 Response by location -CORRECTANSWER - Eye: Mydriasis (dilation)
- Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes): Constriction
,- Veins: Constriction
- Sex organs, male: Ejaculation
- Prostatic capsule: Contraction
- Bladder: Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Alpha 2 Location & Response -CORRECTANSWER Peripheral nervous system
-Inhibition of transmitter release
Beta 1 Locations (2) & Response -CORRECTANSWER - Heart: Increased rate and
velocity
- Kidney: Release of renin (elevates BP)
Beta 2 Responses by location -CORRECTANSWER - Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal
muscle): Dilation
- Bronchi: Dilation
- Uterus: Relaxation
- Liver: Glycogenolysis
- Skeletal muscle: Enhanced contraction
Dopamine Response in kidneys -CORRECTANSWER - Kidney: Dilation of kidney
vasculature
Bethanechol Treats... -CORRECTANSWER Urinary Retention
, Bethanechol investigational uses -CORRECTANSWER Gastroesophageal reflux , treat
disorders associated with GI paralysis
Bathanechol Contraindications -CORRECTANSWER Do not use with patients with
latent or active asthma and urinary tract obstruction or bladder weakness
special instructions for taking or administering Bethanechol -CORRECTANSWER
Administer 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Can cause nausea and vomiting if taken
with food
Pilocarpine treats... -CORRECTANSWER •lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes used
to treat glaucoma
•Taken orally to treat dry mouth from Sjorgens syndrome
•Can treat salivary gland damage associated with head and neck cancer
Cholinergic Crisis -CORRECTANSWER Cholinesterase inhibitor Poisoning. Leads to
SLUDGE & killer B's. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Diarrhea, GI
cramping, Emesis.
Killer B's: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm -CORRECTANSWER spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing
narrowing of the bronchi
EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS||
NEWEST VERSION!!!
Nicotinic N (neuronal) Location -CORRECTANSWER All autonomic nervous system
ganglia and the adrenal medulla
Nicotinic N (neuronal) response -CORRECTANSWER Stimulation of parasympathetic
and sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves and release of epinephrine from adrenal
medulla
Nicotinic M (muscle) Location -CORRECTANSWER Neuromuscular junction
Nicotinic M (muscle) Response -CORRECTANSWER contraction of skeletal muscle
Muscarinic Locations -CORRECTANSWER Eye, Heart, Lung, Bladder, GI tract Sweat
glands, Sex organs, Blood vessels
Muscarinic Responses by location -CORRECTANSWER a) Eye: Contraction of ciliary
muscle focuses lens for near vision. Contraction of iris sphincter causes miosis
(constriction)
,b) Heart: Decreased rate
c) Lung: Constriction of bronchi
Promotions of secretions
d) Bladder: Detrusor contraction increases bladder pressure
Relaxation of trigone and sphincter allows urine to leave the bladder. Both effects
causes voiding of bladder
e) GI tract: Salivation, Increased gastric secretion, Increased intestinal tone and motility,
Defecation
f) Sweat glands: Generalized sweating
g) Sex organs: Erection
h) Blood vessels: vasodilation
Alpha 1 Locations -CORRECTANSWER Eye, Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus
membranes), Veins, Sex organs, Prostatic capsule, Bladder
Alpha 1 Response by location -CORRECTANSWER - Eye: Mydriasis (dilation)
- Arterioles (Skin, viscera, mucus membranes): Constriction
,- Veins: Constriction
- Sex organs, male: Ejaculation
- Prostatic capsule: Contraction
- Bladder: Contraction of trigone and sphincter
Alpha 2 Location & Response -CORRECTANSWER Peripheral nervous system
-Inhibition of transmitter release
Beta 1 Locations (2) & Response -CORRECTANSWER - Heart: Increased rate and
velocity
- Kidney: Release of renin (elevates BP)
Beta 2 Responses by location -CORRECTANSWER - Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal
muscle): Dilation
- Bronchi: Dilation
- Uterus: Relaxation
- Liver: Glycogenolysis
- Skeletal muscle: Enhanced contraction
Dopamine Response in kidneys -CORRECTANSWER - Kidney: Dilation of kidney
vasculature
Bethanechol Treats... -CORRECTANSWER Urinary Retention
, Bethanechol investigational uses -CORRECTANSWER Gastroesophageal reflux , treat
disorders associated with GI paralysis
Bathanechol Contraindications -CORRECTANSWER Do not use with patients with
latent or active asthma and urinary tract obstruction or bladder weakness
special instructions for taking or administering Bethanechol -CORRECTANSWER
Administer 1 hr before or 2 hrs after eating. Can cause nausea and vomiting if taken
with food
Pilocarpine treats... -CORRECTANSWER •lowers intraocular pressure in the eyes used
to treat glaucoma
•Taken orally to treat dry mouth from Sjorgens syndrome
•Can treat salivary gland damage associated with head and neck cancer
Cholinergic Crisis -CORRECTANSWER Cholinesterase inhibitor Poisoning. Leads to
SLUDGE & killer B's. Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diaphoresis, Diarrhea, GI
cramping, Emesis.
Killer B's: Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Bronchospasm -CORRECTANSWER spasm of bronchial smooth muscle producing
narrowing of the bronchi
