Maryland Property and Casualty
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1. Insurance Trans- the risk of loss from an individual or business entity to an insurance company,
fers which in turn spreads the costs of unexpected losses to many individuals
2. Risk the uncertainty or chance of a loss occurring
3. Pure Risk refers to situations that can only result in a loss or no change. No opportunity for
financial gain. Only type of risk insurance companies are willing to to accept.
4. Exposure a unit of measure used to determine rates charged for insurance coverage. (E.g.
age of insured, medical history, occupation, gender..etc)
5. Homogeneous larger number of units having similar exposure to loss. sharing risk among mem-
exposure bers of that group.
6. Hazard conditions or situations that increase the probability of an insured loss occurring.
Classified as physical, moral, and morale
7. Physical Hazard those arising from the material, structural, or operational features of the risk, apart
from the persons owning or managing it
8. Moral Hazard those applicants that may lie on an application for insurance, or in the past have
submitted fraudulent claims against the insurer
9. Morale Hazard an increase in the hazard presented by a risk, arising from the insured's indiffer-
ence to loss because of the existence of insurance. (E.g "I'm not going to bother
fixing this if it brakes. My insurance will pay to replace it.")
10. Perils the causes of loss insured against in a policy.
11. Loss defined as the reduction, decrease, or disappearance of value of the person or
property insured in a policy, caused by a named peril. Insurance provides a means
to transfer this.
12. Avoidance
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, Maryland Property and Casualty
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eliminating exposure to a loss (E.g. To avoid the risk of a plane crash, one chooses
to never fly.)
13. Retention the planned assumption of risk by an insured through the use of deductibles,
(3 Reasons) co-payments, or self insurance.
1) to reduce expenses and improve cash flow
2)to increase control of claim reserving and claim settlements
3)Fund for losses that cannot be insured
14. Sharing method of dealing with risk for a group of individual persons or businesses with
similar exposure to share the losses incurred within that group
15. Reduction includes actions such as installing smoke detectors, having annual physicals, or
making changes to lifestyle in a means to lessen probability of loss
16. Transfer most effective way of handling risk. Loss is borne by another party. Does not
eliminate the risk but relieves the insured of financial losses brought on by these
risks
17. 6 Elements of In- 1)must be due to chance
surable Risks 2)must be definite and measurable
3)must be predictable
4)cannot be catastrophic
5)loss exposure to be insured must be large
6)must not be mandatory
18. Adverse Selec- the insuring of risks that are more prone to losses than the average risk. Companies
tion strive to protect themselves from this and are given the option to to refuse or restrict
coverage, or charge a higher rate
19. Law of Large principle stating that the larger the number of similar exposure units considered,
Numbers the more closely the losses reported will equal the underlying probability of loss.
Statistical basis for which prediction of loss is calculated into rates
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2xo0p1
1. Insurance Trans- the risk of loss from an individual or business entity to an insurance company,
fers which in turn spreads the costs of unexpected losses to many individuals
2. Risk the uncertainty or chance of a loss occurring
3. Pure Risk refers to situations that can only result in a loss or no change. No opportunity for
financial gain. Only type of risk insurance companies are willing to to accept.
4. Exposure a unit of measure used to determine rates charged for insurance coverage. (E.g.
age of insured, medical history, occupation, gender..etc)
5. Homogeneous larger number of units having similar exposure to loss. sharing risk among mem-
exposure bers of that group.
6. Hazard conditions or situations that increase the probability of an insured loss occurring.
Classified as physical, moral, and morale
7. Physical Hazard those arising from the material, structural, or operational features of the risk, apart
from the persons owning or managing it
8. Moral Hazard those applicants that may lie on an application for insurance, or in the past have
submitted fraudulent claims against the insurer
9. Morale Hazard an increase in the hazard presented by a risk, arising from the insured's indiffer-
ence to loss because of the existence of insurance. (E.g "I'm not going to bother
fixing this if it brakes. My insurance will pay to replace it.")
10. Perils the causes of loss insured against in a policy.
11. Loss defined as the reduction, decrease, or disappearance of value of the person or
property insured in a policy, caused by a named peril. Insurance provides a means
to transfer this.
12. Avoidance
1/7
, Maryland Property and Casualty
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_2xo0p1
eliminating exposure to a loss (E.g. To avoid the risk of a plane crash, one chooses
to never fly.)
13. Retention the planned assumption of risk by an insured through the use of deductibles,
(3 Reasons) co-payments, or self insurance.
1) to reduce expenses and improve cash flow
2)to increase control of claim reserving and claim settlements
3)Fund for losses that cannot be insured
14. Sharing method of dealing with risk for a group of individual persons or businesses with
similar exposure to share the losses incurred within that group
15. Reduction includes actions such as installing smoke detectors, having annual physicals, or
making changes to lifestyle in a means to lessen probability of loss
16. Transfer most effective way of handling risk. Loss is borne by another party. Does not
eliminate the risk but relieves the insured of financial losses brought on by these
risks
17. 6 Elements of In- 1)must be due to chance
surable Risks 2)must be definite and measurable
3)must be predictable
4)cannot be catastrophic
5)loss exposure to be insured must be large
6)must not be mandatory
18. Adverse Selec- the insuring of risks that are more prone to losses than the average risk. Companies
tion strive to protect themselves from this and are given the option to to refuse or restrict
coverage, or charge a higher rate
19. Law of Large principle stating that the larger the number of similar exposure units considered,
Numbers the more closely the losses reported will equal the underlying probability of loss.
Statistical basis for which prediction of loss is calculated into rates
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