SPMA 1P93 - TEST #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Axes of Inequality II: Gender, Sexual Orientation, and gender identity
2. Sex and Gender: "We cannot cleanly and clearly separate 'sex' and 'gender',
however. Cultural for women and men (gender) are not sepa-
rable from observations about women's and men's physical bodies (sex). Thus, cultural
of gender include sex, and income sense. Conversely, history illustrates that even the
most obvious biological 'facts' about sex are susceptible to and
misinterpretation when they violate inves- tigators' assumptions about gender".: 1)
expectations
2) constructions
3) misperception
3. Def. Sexual Orientation: "an pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual
to one or more sex, as well as a person's sense of identity based on those
attractions, related , and membership in a community of others who
share those attractions": 1) enduring
2) attractions
3) behaviours
4. Def. Gender Identity: "an individual's sense of their own , which
2) perceive
5. Def. Gender Expression: "how one to indicate one's
gender identity to others through behavior and " ---
These three definitions are separate but related concepts. Sport is a business, thus
it's important to inhere to these things that protect employees: 1) chooses
2) appearance
6. Gender Socialization: There are five key socialization agents that
gender identity and expression: , Peers, Schools, Sport,
, : 1) inform
2) Parents
3) The Media
7. Power is the workplace: Def. Power: Power is the or
potential to influence. Acquisition of power can be a function of their position,
expertise,
, network, knowledge, and skill. -- it manifests itself in interactions with others, resource
, opportunities, and personal directions.
According to Cunningham (2019), "in many sports organizations, power re- sides
with a few individuals who are members of
maj
ority groups—White, heterosexual, Protestant, and able-bodied men": 1) capacity
2) allocations
3) traditional
8. Combatting Institutional Norms and Sexism:
Institutional Norms | refers to when "activities become institutionalized through
processes, obligations, or actualities come to take on
rule-like status in social thought and action"
Institutional Sexism occurs when "ideas about gender and appropriate
influencing the way people think and act, as well as what they take for granted: 1) social
2) roles
3) embedded
9. Barriers to Access: Harassment and Stigmatization
• Sexual Harassment: Covers a variety of behaviours, including requesting sex- ual and
creating a hostile work environment -- You are legally oblig- ated to report it, because you
are legally protected from it
• Individuals are when they "have (or are believed to have) an
attribute that marks them as different and leads them to be devalued in the eyes of
others"
• Structural Stigma refers to whenever stigma operates at an
level.
• Results-> "Relative to their counterparts, stigmatized people have less access to
1. Axes of Inequality II: Gender, Sexual Orientation, and gender identity
2. Sex and Gender: "We cannot cleanly and clearly separate 'sex' and 'gender',
however. Cultural for women and men (gender) are not sepa-
rable from observations about women's and men's physical bodies (sex). Thus, cultural
of gender include sex, and income sense. Conversely, history illustrates that even the
most obvious biological 'facts' about sex are susceptible to and
misinterpretation when they violate inves- tigators' assumptions about gender".: 1)
expectations
2) constructions
3) misperception
3. Def. Sexual Orientation: "an pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual
to one or more sex, as well as a person's sense of identity based on those
attractions, related , and membership in a community of others who
share those attractions": 1) enduring
2) attractions
3) behaviours
4. Def. Gender Identity: "an individual's sense of their own , which
2) perceive
5. Def. Gender Expression: "how one to indicate one's
gender identity to others through behavior and " ---
These three definitions are separate but related concepts. Sport is a business, thus
it's important to inhere to these things that protect employees: 1) chooses
2) appearance
6. Gender Socialization: There are five key socialization agents that
gender identity and expression: , Peers, Schools, Sport,
, : 1) inform
2) Parents
3) The Media
7. Power is the workplace: Def. Power: Power is the or
potential to influence. Acquisition of power can be a function of their position,
expertise,
, network, knowledge, and skill. -- it manifests itself in interactions with others, resource
, opportunities, and personal directions.
According to Cunningham (2019), "in many sports organizations, power re- sides
with a few individuals who are members of
maj
ority groups—White, heterosexual, Protestant, and able-bodied men": 1) capacity
2) allocations
3) traditional
8. Combatting Institutional Norms and Sexism:
Institutional Norms | refers to when "activities become institutionalized through
processes, obligations, or actualities come to take on
rule-like status in social thought and action"
Institutional Sexism occurs when "ideas about gender and appropriate
influencing the way people think and act, as well as what they take for granted: 1) social
2) roles
3) embedded
9. Barriers to Access: Harassment and Stigmatization
• Sexual Harassment: Covers a variety of behaviours, including requesting sex- ual and
creating a hostile work environment -- You are legally oblig- ated to report it, because you
are legally protected from it
• Individuals are when they "have (or are believed to have) an
attribute that marks them as different and leads them to be devalued in the eyes of
others"
• Structural Stigma refers to whenever stigma operates at an
level.
• Results-> "Relative to their counterparts, stigmatized people have less access to
