Iop2604 unit 1 Verified questions and and Answers 2012

Psychological Adjustment refers to? Thinking, emotions, and behaviour that indicate that people cope adequately with tasks and demands in various life roles Maladjusted behaviours are mostly recognised by? The intensity, frequency, and the detrimental effects they have on the person or other people Define well-being A proactive stance towards achieving optimal physical, mental and emotional well-being Unemployment affects a person's...? Sense of control, and sense of self, self-worth and belonging work related well-being is important because...? 1. Changes effect people's wellbeing in organisations 2. Many directors are out of touch with the reality of their employees at lower levels Pathogenic Focuses on what is wrong with the person Cynicism Negative or detached response to various aspects of the job Exhaustion Reduced emotional resources Occupational stress The demands exceed the individuals capacity to cope Burnout Characterised by exhaustion, distress, reduced effectiveness, no motivation, dysfunctional attitudes Low professional efficacy The feeling of being unable to meet clients needs and satisfy job performance criteria Depersonalization Perceives self as alienated or detached from real body Flourishing A pattern of positive feelings and positive functioning in life The mental health continuum model People can move among states of mental well-being regardless of mental illness. They can flourish or languish, depending on individual functioning, social well-being, and mental health issues Languishing The absence of mental health Dimension of subjective well-being Emotional Psychological Social Hedonic well-being Feeling good Eudaimonic well-being Functioning well Emotional well-being Positive emotions Interested in life Life satisfaction Social well-being Accepting diversity Social coherence Believes in other's potential Contributions to society Psychological well-being at work Autonomy Purpose in life Self-acceptance Personal growth Positive relations Environmental mastery Implications of the mental health continuum model It is necessary to promote mental health and not just reduce risk factors and remedy pathology (maladjustment) Mental health continuum model consists of? Psychological/personal well-being Emotional well-being Social well-being Languishing, moderate mental health, flourishing Broaden and build. Summarise the broaden effect. Expands our minds/perceptions. Creates greater cognitive flexibility. Opens us up to the environment, others and our own processes. Greater tolerance and greater sense of meaning. Optimal frequency for positive to negative emotions? 3:1 Broaden and build. Summarise the building effect. As we broaden, greater resources are built. 1. Intellectual 2. Social 3. Physical 4. Psychological Frequent experiences of positive emotions do what? They build personal resources little by little and they shape us over time. This leads to increased well-being Interpersonal perspective on well-being means that we move away from merely positive thinking to...? Shared positive emotions Well-being can be facilitated by building...? Of positive emotional... In daily life. Micro moments Connections When people mimick each other, we call it? Mutual responsivity. It means we listen and understand each other. The five essential components of the PERMA model are? 1. Positive emotions 2. Engagement 3. Positive relationships 4. Meaning 5. Accomplishment In the PERMA model, positive emotions refer to... And...? Happiness and life satisfaction Engagement refers to the state where someone is completely... In a task. It is also called...? Absorbed Flow Positivity in relationships can be experienced from...to caring, to...? Social support Acts of kindness Meaning is found in belonging to and serving something greater than the...? Self The cognitive component of the meaning in life refers to...? Understanding of who we are What the world is like How we fit into the greater scheme of things The basic components of informing meaning according to Steger? Comprehension and purpose The presence of meaning is related to? Positive emotions Optimism Extraversion Self-management Agreeableness The main structural components of meaning according to Wong? Purpose Understanding Responsible action Enjoyment In the relationality-meaning model, meaning is about? Connections and relations Meaning making, relationships and manifestations are influenced by? Context A hierarchical model. According to Wissing and Tamane, psychological well-being is hierarchically organised on a... Level model Three The first level refers to... Sense of coherence Optimism Positive effect The second level refers to... Agency Communion The third level refers to... Hedonic Eudaimonic There are two sources for the definition of African Psychology... North-american and continental African North American definition consists of...? It is equal to indigenous African Psychology. Created by African Americans who have not had contact with Africa. Analysis of the black condition in America. The study of the positive qualities of African Americans and their daily struggles. Continental Africa definition consists of...? Contemporary and indigenous. Contemporary African Psychology The systematic and informed study of human mental life, culture, and experiences in the pre- and post-colonial African world Indigenous African Psychology The systematic and holistic study of the human being and the human condition in pre-european Africa Important themes in African Psychology 1. Psychology of African immigrants in Europe 2. Psychology of African feminism 3. Psychology of the hard surfaces (war, refugees, strengths and resilience) 4. Individual and collective experiences of past and present people 5. Limits and boundaries of indigenous African communities Worldview of African Psychology 1. Holistic in depth and range 2. Nothing in life is absolute 3. Pragmatic theory of truth 4. Belief in the identity of contraries in human existence 5. Interdependence between the individual and the community African Psychology concepts 1. Culture bound rationality 2. Human condition and mystery 3. African spirituality 4. Nature and the world 5. Theory of reality 6. Theory of perception 7. Theory of truth 8. Theory of knowledge What African Psychology is not Not the same as black psychology Not a psychology of polarisation Not the same as the psychology of ancient Africans and their worlds