Question 1
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen at 4 L/min via
nasal cannula. Which action should the nurse take?
Answer: Reduce oxygen flow to 2 L/min.
Rationale: COPD patients rely on hypoxic drive to breathe; excessive oxygen can suppress
respiratory drive and worsen CO₂ retention.
Question 2
Which dietary choice is most appropriate for a patient with hypertension?
Answer: Grilled salmon with steamed broccoli and brown rice.
Rationale: This meal is low in sodium, high in potassium, and heart-healthy, aligning with DASH
diet recommendations.
Question 3
A diabetic patient reports dizziness, sweating, and tremors. The nurse suspects hypoglycemia.
What is the first intervention?
Answer: Provide 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate (e.g., orange juice).
Rationale: Immediate glucose replacement is priority for hypoglycemia to prevent seizure or
coma.
Question 4
, Which nursing intervention prevents pressure ulcer development in a bedbound patient?
Answer: Reposition the patient every 2 hours.
Rationale: Frequent repositioning reduces pressure on bony prominences and promotes
circulation.
Question 5
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which assessment finding requires
immediate attention?
Answer: Serum potassium 2.8 mEq/L.
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a dangerous side effect of loop diuretics, predisposing patients to
arrhythmias.
Question 6
In chronic kidney disease, which diet modification is most important?
Answer: Restrict sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake.
Rationale: CKD patients are at risk for electrolyte imbalance and fluid overload, requiring strict
dietary management.
Question 7
Which sign indicates effective teaching in a patient with asthma about using a metered-dose
inhaler (MDI)?
Answer: Patient exhales fully before inhaling medication deeply.
Rationale: Proper technique ensures maximum medication delivery to the lungs.
Question 8
A patient with cirrhosis has ascites. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate?
Answer: Restrict sodium intake.
Rationale: Sodium restriction reduces fluid retention and ascites in cirrhosis.
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen at 4 L/min via
nasal cannula. Which action should the nurse take?
Answer: Reduce oxygen flow to 2 L/min.
Rationale: COPD patients rely on hypoxic drive to breathe; excessive oxygen can suppress
respiratory drive and worsen CO₂ retention.
Question 2
Which dietary choice is most appropriate for a patient with hypertension?
Answer: Grilled salmon with steamed broccoli and brown rice.
Rationale: This meal is low in sodium, high in potassium, and heart-healthy, aligning with DASH
diet recommendations.
Question 3
A diabetic patient reports dizziness, sweating, and tremors. The nurse suspects hypoglycemia.
What is the first intervention?
Answer: Provide 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate (e.g., orange juice).
Rationale: Immediate glucose replacement is priority for hypoglycemia to prevent seizure or
coma.
Question 4
, Which nursing intervention prevents pressure ulcer development in a bedbound patient?
Answer: Reposition the patient every 2 hours.
Rationale: Frequent repositioning reduces pressure on bony prominences and promotes
circulation.
Question 5
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which assessment finding requires
immediate attention?
Answer: Serum potassium 2.8 mEq/L.
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a dangerous side effect of loop diuretics, predisposing patients to
arrhythmias.
Question 6
In chronic kidney disease, which diet modification is most important?
Answer: Restrict sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake.
Rationale: CKD patients are at risk for electrolyte imbalance and fluid overload, requiring strict
dietary management.
Question 7
Which sign indicates effective teaching in a patient with asthma about using a metered-dose
inhaler (MDI)?
Answer: Patient exhales fully before inhaling medication deeply.
Rationale: Proper technique ensures maximum medication delivery to the lungs.
Question 8
A patient with cirrhosis has ascites. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate?
Answer: Restrict sodium intake.
Rationale: Sodium restriction reduces fluid retention and ascites in cirrhosis.
