, TESTBANK FOR Psychology for Medicine and
Healthcare Fourth Edition by Richard de Visser
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Psychology and medicine
1. Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of
illness/wellness?
a. The absence of illness indicates wellness
b. Disease is the result of the interaction between personal history, psychosocial
processes and physiological mechanisms
c. Disease is caused by pathogenic stimuli acting on physiological and/or
biochemical mechanisms
d. None of these
Ans: B
2. Which of the following is a weakness of the biomedical model of
illness/wellness?
a. It does not consider the influence of psychological factors on illness
b. It does not consider the influence of social factors on illness
c. It does not consider the influence of environmental factors on illness
d. All of these
Ans: D
3. According to the biopsychosocial model, how should treatment of illness
proceed?
a. Effective treatment should take into account patient beliefs, psychosocial
circumstances and personal/family history
b. Effective treatment should only use medication that has been proven to be
effective in clinical trials
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
c. Effective treatment is based on administering medical treatment to ensure
recovery
d. None of these
Ans: A
4. Which of the following is the best definition of comorbidity?
a. The situation in which both members of a couple have a major illness
b. The presence of another illness in addition to a major ‘index’ chronic condition
c. The presence of multiple chronic conditions without a major ‘index’ condition
d. The presence of a chronic condition alongside ageing-related declines in
physical capacity
Ans: B
5. According to the World Health Organization, what is health?
a. The absence of disease or infirmity
b. Complete physical wellbeing
c. Complete psychosocial wellbeing
d. Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
Ans: D
6. Which of the following is the best definition of the placebo effect?
a. A fake treatment presented as if it were a real treatment
b. An improvement in health that occurs in a ‘control’ group
c. An improvement in health that occurs in a group that receives a placebo, but
not in a control group that receives no treatment
d. An improvement in health that occurs in a group that receives a real treatment,
but not in a group that receives a placebo
Ans: C
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
7. The ‘four Ps’ are used to understand factors that contribute to illness
(predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors). Which of the
following are examples of perpetuating factors?
a. Use of healthcare services and adherence to treatment
b. Unhealthy behaviours that influence whether genetic factors lead to illness
c. Genetic factors that increase susceptibility to illness
d. Healthy lifestyles and good social support
Ans: A
8. Which of the following best describes epigenetics?
a. It involves applying epidemiological approaches to studying genetic variability.
b. It involves studying how experiences affect the expression of genes.
c. It involves studying how the expression of genes affects experiences.
d. None of these.
Ans: B
9. Which of the following specialism in psychology is relevant to healthcare?
a. Developmental psychology
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Health psychology
d. All of these
Ans: D
10. Blaxter’s (1990) sociological study revealed that lay definitions of health are
most like the ______.
a. Biomedical model because they focus on the presence or absence of disease
b. Psychological model because they focus on the subjective well-being
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
c. Biopsychosocial model because they include physical, psychological, and social
functioning
d. Sociological model because they focus on social roles and social functioning
Ans: C
Chapter 2: Motivation, emotion, and health
1. What is motivation?
a. Motivation is the drive to act in response to biological stimuli such as hunger
b. Motivation is the drive to act in response to social motives such as achievement
c. Motivation is the drive to act in response to external stimuli and rewards
d. All of these
Ans: D
2. Theories of motivation have been proposed in which of these 3 broad
categories?
a. Drive theories, stress theories, evolutionary theories
b. Drive theories, evolutionary theories, and incentive theories
c. Stress theories, evolutionary theories, and incentive theories
d. Drive theories, stress theories, and incentive theories
Ans: B
3. What are the core components of emotion?
a. Cognition, physiology, and non-verbal behaviour
b. Cognition, physiology, and behaviour
c. Physiology, behaviour, and non-verbal behaviour
d. Cognition, behaviour, and verbal behaviour
Ans: B
4. Key behavioural components of emotion are ______.
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
a. Action tendencies, non-verbal responses, and facial expressions
b. Action tendencies, non-verbal responses, and verbal responses
c. Non-verbal responses, verbal responses, and facial expressions
d. Action tendencies, verbal responses, and facial expressions
Ans: A
5. Which of the following statements is the most accurate?
a. Anger and hostility are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease
b. Depression is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality
c. Positive emotion is associated with better health
d. All of these
Ans: D
6. Approximately how much of the total burden of disability is attributable to
psychological illness?
a. Over 50%
b. 40%
c. 30%
d. 20%
Ans: B
7. Which of the following statements is most accurate? Optimism is associated with
better ______.
a. Physical and mental health
b. Physical health but not mental health
c. Mental health and some measures of physical health
d. Mental health but not physical health
Ans: C
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
8. Areas of the brain that are important in emotion are ______.
a. Limbic system and frontal cortex
b. Limbic system and autonomic nervous system
c. Frontal cortex and autonomic nervous system
d. None of these
Ans: A
9. Which of these personality traits is associated with poorer mental health?
a. Openness to new experiences
b. Extroversion
c. Neuroticism
d. Agreeableness
Ans: C
10. Cognitive aspects of emotion are ______.
a. Appraisal of the situation
b. Labelling the physiological response as a specific emotion
c. Evaluating physiological responses as positive or negative
d. All of these
Ans: D
Chapter 3: Stress and health
1. How is stress defined by the transactional model of stress?
a. A physiological fight-flight response
b. A negative or demanding situation
c. When perceived demands are appraised as exceeding resources to cope
d. An external force which causes significant modification to a system
Ans: C
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
2. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a stressor?
a. A force applied by a system to its environment
b. When perceived demands are appraised as exceeding resources to cope
c. Acute or chronic events that trigger stress responses
d. All of these
Ans: C
3. According to the transactional model of stress, appraisal consists of ______.
a. Appraisal of the demands of a situation
b. Appraisal of a person’s resources to cope
c. Reappraisal of the situation after a coping strategy has been applied
d. All of these
Ans: D
4. Which characteristics of stressors are more likely to provoke physiological stress
responses?
a. If a stressor is novel, unpredictable and uncontrollable
b. If a stressor is unpredictable, uncontrollable and acute
c. If a stressor is novel, uncontrollable and acute
d. None of these
Ans: A
5. Which of the following statements is most accurate about the relationship
between stress and immune function?
a. Acute and chronic stressors lead to decreased immune function
b. Acute stressors lead to decreased immune function and chronic stressors lead to
increased immune function
c. Acute stressors lead to increased immune function and chronic stressors to
decreased immune function
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
d. There is too little evidence to draw conclusions
Ans: C
6. There is marked variation in how people respond to stressors. What is this due
to?
a. Differences in stress responsivity
b. Different personality characteristics
c. Differences in how stressors are appraised
d. All of these
Ans: D
7. Which factors does research suggest are important in adults’ resilience to
stress?
a. Positive emotions, optimism, and social support
b. Cognitive reappraisal, facing fears, and finding meaning or purpose
c. Active coping and mastery
d. All of these
Ans: D
8. The vulnerability-stress (or diathesis-stress) model of stress suggests the
relationship between stress and health is due to the ______.
a. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and stress responses
b. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and individual differences in
stress responsivity
c. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and stress exposure and
responses
d. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and stress exposure
Ans: C
Healthcare Fourth Edition by Richard de Visser
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Psychology and medicine
1. Which of the following best describes the biopsychosocial model of
illness/wellness?
a. The absence of illness indicates wellness
b. Disease is the result of the interaction between personal history, psychosocial
processes and physiological mechanisms
c. Disease is caused by pathogenic stimuli acting on physiological and/or
biochemical mechanisms
d. None of these
Ans: B
2. Which of the following is a weakness of the biomedical model of
illness/wellness?
a. It does not consider the influence of psychological factors on illness
b. It does not consider the influence of social factors on illness
c. It does not consider the influence of environmental factors on illness
d. All of these
Ans: D
3. According to the biopsychosocial model, how should treatment of illness
proceed?
a. Effective treatment should take into account patient beliefs, psychosocial
circumstances and personal/family history
b. Effective treatment should only use medication that has been proven to be
effective in clinical trials
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
c. Effective treatment is based on administering medical treatment to ensure
recovery
d. None of these
Ans: A
4. Which of the following is the best definition of comorbidity?
a. The situation in which both members of a couple have a major illness
b. The presence of another illness in addition to a major ‘index’ chronic condition
c. The presence of multiple chronic conditions without a major ‘index’ condition
d. The presence of a chronic condition alongside ageing-related declines in
physical capacity
Ans: B
5. According to the World Health Organization, what is health?
a. The absence of disease or infirmity
b. Complete physical wellbeing
c. Complete psychosocial wellbeing
d. Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
Ans: D
6. Which of the following is the best definition of the placebo effect?
a. A fake treatment presented as if it were a real treatment
b. An improvement in health that occurs in a ‘control’ group
c. An improvement in health that occurs in a group that receives a placebo, but
not in a control group that receives no treatment
d. An improvement in health that occurs in a group that receives a real treatment,
but not in a group that receives a placebo
Ans: C
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
7. The ‘four Ps’ are used to understand factors that contribute to illness
(predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors). Which of the
following are examples of perpetuating factors?
a. Use of healthcare services and adherence to treatment
b. Unhealthy behaviours that influence whether genetic factors lead to illness
c. Genetic factors that increase susceptibility to illness
d. Healthy lifestyles and good social support
Ans: A
8. Which of the following best describes epigenetics?
a. It involves applying epidemiological approaches to studying genetic variability.
b. It involves studying how experiences affect the expression of genes.
c. It involves studying how the expression of genes affects experiences.
d. None of these.
Ans: B
9. Which of the following specialism in psychology is relevant to healthcare?
a. Developmental psychology
b. Cognitive psychology
c. Health psychology
d. All of these
Ans: D
10. Blaxter’s (1990) sociological study revealed that lay definitions of health are
most like the ______.
a. Biomedical model because they focus on the presence or absence of disease
b. Psychological model because they focus on the subjective well-being
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
c. Biopsychosocial model because they include physical, psychological, and social
functioning
d. Sociological model because they focus on social roles and social functioning
Ans: C
Chapter 2: Motivation, emotion, and health
1. What is motivation?
a. Motivation is the drive to act in response to biological stimuli such as hunger
b. Motivation is the drive to act in response to social motives such as achievement
c. Motivation is the drive to act in response to external stimuli and rewards
d. All of these
Ans: D
2. Theories of motivation have been proposed in which of these 3 broad
categories?
a. Drive theories, stress theories, evolutionary theories
b. Drive theories, evolutionary theories, and incentive theories
c. Stress theories, evolutionary theories, and incentive theories
d. Drive theories, stress theories, and incentive theories
Ans: B
3. What are the core components of emotion?
a. Cognition, physiology, and non-verbal behaviour
b. Cognition, physiology, and behaviour
c. Physiology, behaviour, and non-verbal behaviour
d. Cognition, behaviour, and verbal behaviour
Ans: B
4. Key behavioural components of emotion are ______.
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
a. Action tendencies, non-verbal responses, and facial expressions
b. Action tendencies, non-verbal responses, and verbal responses
c. Non-verbal responses, verbal responses, and facial expressions
d. Action tendencies, verbal responses, and facial expressions
Ans: A
5. Which of the following statements is the most accurate?
a. Anger and hostility are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease
b. Depression is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality
c. Positive emotion is associated with better health
d. All of these
Ans: D
6. Approximately how much of the total burden of disability is attributable to
psychological illness?
a. Over 50%
b. 40%
c. 30%
d. 20%
Ans: B
7. Which of the following statements is most accurate? Optimism is associated with
better ______.
a. Physical and mental health
b. Physical health but not mental health
c. Mental health and some measures of physical health
d. Mental health but not physical health
Ans: C
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
8. Areas of the brain that are important in emotion are ______.
a. Limbic system and frontal cortex
b. Limbic system and autonomic nervous system
c. Frontal cortex and autonomic nervous system
d. None of these
Ans: A
9. Which of these personality traits is associated with poorer mental health?
a. Openness to new experiences
b. Extroversion
c. Neuroticism
d. Agreeableness
Ans: C
10. Cognitive aspects of emotion are ______.
a. Appraisal of the situation
b. Labelling the physiological response as a specific emotion
c. Evaluating physiological responses as positive or negative
d. All of these
Ans: D
Chapter 3: Stress and health
1. How is stress defined by the transactional model of stress?
a. A physiological fight-flight response
b. A negative or demanding situation
c. When perceived demands are appraised as exceeding resources to cope
d. An external force which causes significant modification to a system
Ans: C
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
2. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a stressor?
a. A force applied by a system to its environment
b. When perceived demands are appraised as exceeding resources to cope
c. Acute or chronic events that trigger stress responses
d. All of these
Ans: C
3. According to the transactional model of stress, appraisal consists of ______.
a. Appraisal of the demands of a situation
b. Appraisal of a person’s resources to cope
c. Reappraisal of the situation after a coping strategy has been applied
d. All of these
Ans: D
4. Which characteristics of stressors are more likely to provoke physiological stress
responses?
a. If a stressor is novel, unpredictable and uncontrollable
b. If a stressor is unpredictable, uncontrollable and acute
c. If a stressor is novel, uncontrollable and acute
d. None of these
Ans: A
5. Which of the following statements is most accurate about the relationship
between stress and immune function?
a. Acute and chronic stressors lead to decreased immune function
b. Acute stressors lead to decreased immune function and chronic stressors lead to
increased immune function
c. Acute stressors lead to increased immune function and chronic stressors to
decreased immune function
, de Visser & Ayers, Psychology for Medicine and Healthcare, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2025
d. There is too little evidence to draw conclusions
Ans: C
6. There is marked variation in how people respond to stressors. What is this due
to?
a. Differences in stress responsivity
b. Different personality characteristics
c. Differences in how stressors are appraised
d. All of these
Ans: D
7. Which factors does research suggest are important in adults’ resilience to
stress?
a. Positive emotions, optimism, and social support
b. Cognitive reappraisal, facing fears, and finding meaning or purpose
c. Active coping and mastery
d. All of these
Ans: D
8. The vulnerability-stress (or diathesis-stress) model of stress suggests the
relationship between stress and health is due to the ______.
a. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and stress responses
b. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and individual differences in
stress responsivity
c. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and stress exposure and
responses
d. Interaction between pre-existing vulnerability and stress exposure
Ans: C
