Foundations of Evidence-Based Nursing: Research
Methods, Critical Appraisal, and Clinical
Application
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
Research findings increasingly must meet the test of being clinically significant, and medical
practitioners have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance. - ✔✔False
Rationale: Research findings increasingly must meet the test of being clinically significant, and patients
have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance. A major challenge in the years ahead
will involve incorporating both research evidence and patient preferences into clinical decisions.
What is the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge on which to base a clinical practice?
A. Traditions and authority
B. Clinical experience and trial and error
C. Assembled information
D. Disciplined research - ✔✔Disciplined research
Rationale: Disciplined research is considered the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge that
humans have developed. Evidence-based health care compels nurses to base their clinical practice, to
the extent possible, on rigorous research-based findings rather than on tradition, authority, or personal
experience. However, nursing will always be a rich blend of art and science.
What is a major assumption of the constructivist paradigm world view?
A. Reality is mentally constructed by individuals.
B. The researcher is independent from those researched.
C. Values and biases are held in check.
D. Subjectivity is not desirable. - ✔✔Reality is mentally constructed by individuals
Rationale: In the constructivist paradigm, reality is multiple and subjective and mentally constructed by
individuals. The researcher is independent from those researched, values and biases are held in check,
and subjectivity is not desirable in the positivist paradigm
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
, Quantitative research is allied with the constructivist tradition. - ✔✔False
Rationale: Qualitative research is associated with constructivist tradition that involves a dynamic design
and holism and is context-bound.
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
Quantitative research attempts to identify a phenomenon. - ✔✔False
Rationale: Qualitative research, not quantitative research, is used to identify a phenomenon.
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
The strongest level of evidence is obtained from individual correlational studies. - ✔✔False
Rationale: The strongest level of evidence is obtained from systematic reviews of randomized clinical
trials (RCTs)
A technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically is known as:
A. Metasynthesis
B. Meta-analysis
C. Care bundling
D. PICO - ✔✔Meta-analysis
Rationale: Meta-analysis is a technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically, which
treats the findings from a study as one piece of information. The findings from multiple studies on the
same topic are combined, and all of the information is analyzed statistically in a manner similar to that in
a usual study. Metasynthesis is less about reducing information and more about interpreting it. Care
bundling encompasses a set of interventions to treat or prevent a specific cluster of symptoms. PICO is a
method to help practitioners develop well-worded questions that facilitate a search for evidence.
A clinician is using EBP efforts to research new methods of preventing HAP from occurring in an
intensive care unit. What would be the next appropriate step to take after appraising and synthesizing
the evidence?
A. Ask clinical questions based on research evidence.
B. Search for and retrieve relevant evidence.
C. Integrate the evidence into own practice.
D. Assess the effectiveness of the decision. - ✔✔Integrate the evidence into own practice.
Methods, Critical Appraisal, and Clinical
Application
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
Research findings increasingly must meet the test of being clinically significant, and medical
practitioners have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance. - ✔✔False
Rationale: Research findings increasingly must meet the test of being clinically significant, and patients
have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance. A major challenge in the years ahead
will involve incorporating both research evidence and patient preferences into clinical decisions.
What is the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge on which to base a clinical practice?
A. Traditions and authority
B. Clinical experience and trial and error
C. Assembled information
D. Disciplined research - ✔✔Disciplined research
Rationale: Disciplined research is considered the best method of acquiring reliable knowledge that
humans have developed. Evidence-based health care compels nurses to base their clinical practice, to
the extent possible, on rigorous research-based findings rather than on tradition, authority, or personal
experience. However, nursing will always be a rich blend of art and science.
What is a major assumption of the constructivist paradigm world view?
A. Reality is mentally constructed by individuals.
B. The researcher is independent from those researched.
C. Values and biases are held in check.
D. Subjectivity is not desirable. - ✔✔Reality is mentally constructed by individuals
Rationale: In the constructivist paradigm, reality is multiple and subjective and mentally constructed by
individuals. The researcher is independent from those researched, values and biases are held in check,
and subjectivity is not desirable in the positivist paradigm
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
, Quantitative research is allied with the constructivist tradition. - ✔✔False
Rationale: Qualitative research is associated with constructivist tradition that involves a dynamic design
and holism and is context-bound.
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
Quantitative research attempts to identify a phenomenon. - ✔✔False
Rationale: Qualitative research, not quantitative research, is used to identify a phenomenon.
Tell whether the following statement is True or False.
The strongest level of evidence is obtained from individual correlational studies. - ✔✔False
Rationale: The strongest level of evidence is obtained from systematic reviews of randomized clinical
trials (RCTs)
A technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically is known as:
A. Metasynthesis
B. Meta-analysis
C. Care bundling
D. PICO - ✔✔Meta-analysis
Rationale: Meta-analysis is a technique for integrating quantitative research findings statistically, which
treats the findings from a study as one piece of information. The findings from multiple studies on the
same topic are combined, and all of the information is analyzed statistically in a manner similar to that in
a usual study. Metasynthesis is less about reducing information and more about interpreting it. Care
bundling encompasses a set of interventions to treat or prevent a specific cluster of symptoms. PICO is a
method to help practitioners develop well-worded questions that facilitate a search for evidence.
A clinician is using EBP efforts to research new methods of preventing HAP from occurring in an
intensive care unit. What would be the next appropriate step to take after appraising and synthesizing
the evidence?
A. Ask clinical questions based on research evidence.
B. Search for and retrieve relevant evidence.
C. Integrate the evidence into own practice.
D. Assess the effectiveness of the decision. - ✔✔Integrate the evidence into own practice.
