EXAM #1 - BIOL 203 LIBERTY
UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (RATED A+)
microorganism - ANSWERare organisms that are too small to be seen with the
unaided eye
microbes - ANSWER1. decomposed in organic waste
2. to produce chemicals (ethanol and acetone)
3. an important role in the ecosystem by photosynthesis (O2 and C6H12O6)
4. to ferment food (cheese, vinegar)
5. produce production use in treatment (insulin)
Linnaens - ANSWERestablish the system of scientific names
each organisms has two names - ANSWER1. the genus
2. the specific epithet
genomics - ANSWERthe study of an organism's genes; has provided new tools for
classifying microorganisms
recombinant DNA - ANSWERDNA made from two different sources
microbial ecology - ANSWERbacteria recycle carbon, nutrients, sulfur, and
phosphorus that can be used by plants and animals
bioremediation - ANSWER- bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage
- bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury
Biological Insecticides - ANSWERMicrobes that are pathogenic to insects are
alternatives to chemical pesticides in preventing insect damage to agricultural crops
and disease transmission
harmless to humans, plants, and animals, but deadly to insects
biotechnology - ANSWERthe use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals, is
centuries old
nucleus - ANSWERcontains chromosomes
ER - ANSWERtransport network
,golgi complex - ANSWERmembrane formation and secretion
lysosomes - ANSWERdigestive enzymes
vacuole - ANSWERbrings food into cells and provides support
mitochondria - ANSWERcellular respiration
chloroplast - ANSWERphotosynthesis
peroxisome - ANSWERoxidation of fatty acids; destroys H2O2
centrosome - ANSWERconsists of proteins fibers and centrioles
specific names - ANSWERare italicized or underlined: the genus is capitalized and
the specific epithet is lowercase
types of microorganisms - ANSWER1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. fungi
4. protozoa
5. algae
6. viruses
7. multicellular animal parasites
Bacteria - ANSWER1. prokaryote (no nucleus)
2. single-celled organisms
3. peptidoglycan cell walls
4. binary fission (2 equal cells)
5. contains carbohydrates and protein complex
bacteria appearance - ANSWER1. bacillus (rodlike)
2. coccus (spherical)
3. spiral (curved)
diplo- - ANSWERtwo cells
strepto- - ANSWERa combining form meaning "twisted"
staphylo- - ANSWERforms in chains
archaea - ANSWER1. prokaryotic (no nucleus)
2. lack peptidoglycan
3. live in extreme environments
4. have cell walls
5. not known to cause disease in humans
archaea divided into three main groups - ANSWER1. methanogens
2. extreme halophils
3. extreme thermophils
, methanogens - ANSWER1. produces methane as a waste product from respiration
2. used in sewage treatment
methane production
extreme halophiles - ANSWER1. living in an extremely salty environment
2. great lakes and deep sea
salt loving
extreme thermophiles - ANSWER1. live in hot sulfurous water
2. hot springs
heat tolerant
fungi - ANSWER1. are eukaryotes organisms (have nucleus)
2. chitlin cell walls
3. use organic chemicals for energy
4. molds and mushrooms are multicellular
5. yeast are unicellular
protozoa - ANSWER1. eukaryotes (have nucleus)
2. unicellular
3. absorb or ingest organic chemicals
4. may be motile via pseudopods (false feet), cilia, or flagella
algae - ANSWER1. eukaryotes (have nucleus)
2. cell walls contain cellulose (carbohydrates)
3. use photosynthesis for energy
4. produces molecular oxygen and organic compounds
viruses - ANSWER1. not classified as in kingdom - not living
2. acellular
3. consist of DNA or RNA core
4. coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
5. viruses are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
multicellular animal parasite - ANSWER1. eukaryotes
2. multicellular animals
3. parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called helminths
4. microscopic stages in life cycles
prokaryotes - ANSWER1. single cells
2. generally lack organelles
3. DNA (single)
4. cells divided by binary fission
5. cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan
6. DNA associated with certain proteins
UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (RATED A+)
microorganism - ANSWERare organisms that are too small to be seen with the
unaided eye
microbes - ANSWER1. decomposed in organic waste
2. to produce chemicals (ethanol and acetone)
3. an important role in the ecosystem by photosynthesis (O2 and C6H12O6)
4. to ferment food (cheese, vinegar)
5. produce production use in treatment (insulin)
Linnaens - ANSWERestablish the system of scientific names
each organisms has two names - ANSWER1. the genus
2. the specific epithet
genomics - ANSWERthe study of an organism's genes; has provided new tools for
classifying microorganisms
recombinant DNA - ANSWERDNA made from two different sources
microbial ecology - ANSWERbacteria recycle carbon, nutrients, sulfur, and
phosphorus that can be used by plants and animals
bioremediation - ANSWER- bacteria degrade organic matter in sewage
- bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury
Biological Insecticides - ANSWERMicrobes that are pathogenic to insects are
alternatives to chemical pesticides in preventing insect damage to agricultural crops
and disease transmission
harmless to humans, plants, and animals, but deadly to insects
biotechnology - ANSWERthe use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals, is
centuries old
nucleus - ANSWERcontains chromosomes
ER - ANSWERtransport network
,golgi complex - ANSWERmembrane formation and secretion
lysosomes - ANSWERdigestive enzymes
vacuole - ANSWERbrings food into cells and provides support
mitochondria - ANSWERcellular respiration
chloroplast - ANSWERphotosynthesis
peroxisome - ANSWERoxidation of fatty acids; destroys H2O2
centrosome - ANSWERconsists of proteins fibers and centrioles
specific names - ANSWERare italicized or underlined: the genus is capitalized and
the specific epithet is lowercase
types of microorganisms - ANSWER1. bacteria
2. archaea
3. fungi
4. protozoa
5. algae
6. viruses
7. multicellular animal parasites
Bacteria - ANSWER1. prokaryote (no nucleus)
2. single-celled organisms
3. peptidoglycan cell walls
4. binary fission (2 equal cells)
5. contains carbohydrates and protein complex
bacteria appearance - ANSWER1. bacillus (rodlike)
2. coccus (spherical)
3. spiral (curved)
diplo- - ANSWERtwo cells
strepto- - ANSWERa combining form meaning "twisted"
staphylo- - ANSWERforms in chains
archaea - ANSWER1. prokaryotic (no nucleus)
2. lack peptidoglycan
3. live in extreme environments
4. have cell walls
5. not known to cause disease in humans
archaea divided into three main groups - ANSWER1. methanogens
2. extreme halophils
3. extreme thermophils
, methanogens - ANSWER1. produces methane as a waste product from respiration
2. used in sewage treatment
methane production
extreme halophiles - ANSWER1. living in an extremely salty environment
2. great lakes and deep sea
salt loving
extreme thermophiles - ANSWER1. live in hot sulfurous water
2. hot springs
heat tolerant
fungi - ANSWER1. are eukaryotes organisms (have nucleus)
2. chitlin cell walls
3. use organic chemicals for energy
4. molds and mushrooms are multicellular
5. yeast are unicellular
protozoa - ANSWER1. eukaryotes (have nucleus)
2. unicellular
3. absorb or ingest organic chemicals
4. may be motile via pseudopods (false feet), cilia, or flagella
algae - ANSWER1. eukaryotes (have nucleus)
2. cell walls contain cellulose (carbohydrates)
3. use photosynthesis for energy
4. produces molecular oxygen and organic compounds
viruses - ANSWER1. not classified as in kingdom - not living
2. acellular
3. consist of DNA or RNA core
4. coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
5. viruses are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
multicellular animal parasite - ANSWER1. eukaryotes
2. multicellular animals
3. parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called helminths
4. microscopic stages in life cycles
prokaryotes - ANSWER1. single cells
2. generally lack organelles
3. DNA (single)
4. cells divided by binary fission
5. cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan
6. DNA associated with certain proteins
