NUR 340 Exam 1 Materials
Expanded Educational and Career Roles of Nurses - answer9 of them
1. Clinical nurse specialist - answerEx: enterostomal therapist, geriatrics, infection
control, medical-surgical, maternal/child, oncology, quality assurance, nursing process
A nurse with an advanced degree, education or experience who is considered to be an
expert in a specialized area of nursing; carries out direct patient care; consultation;
teaching of patients, families and staff and research
2. Nurse Practitioner - answerA nurse with an advanced degree, certified for a special
area or age of patient care, works in a variety of health care settings or in independent
practice to make health assessments and deliver primary care
3. Nurse anesthetist - answer- A nurse who completes a course of study in an
anesthesia school, carries out preoperative visits and assessments; administers and
monitors anesthesia during surgery
4. Nurse Midwife - answera nurse who completes a program in midwifery; provides
prenatal and postnatal care; delivers babies for women with uncomplicated pregnancies
5. Clinical Nurse leader - answer-a nurse prepared at the graduate level who oversees
the lateral integration of care for a distinct group of patients and who may actively
provide direct patient care in complex situations
6. Nurse educator - answer- a nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who teaches in
educational or clinical settings; teaches theoretical knowledge and clinical skills;
conducts research
7. Nurse Administrator - answer- a nurse who functions at various levels of
management in health care settings, is responsible for the management and
administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care
8. Nurse Researcher - answer-A nurse with an advanced degree who conducts
research relevant to the definition and improvement of nursing practice and education
9. Nurse entreoreneur - answera nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may
manage a clinic or health related business, conduct research, provide education or
serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political facilities or businesses
Historical perspective on nursing - answer-illness had supernatural causes
,good spirits brought health, evil spirits brought sickness
-role of nurse was one of mother and nurturer
-in the 16th century western society shifted from religious to warfare
-shortages to care for the sick
-women convicted of crimes were recruited
-nurses had poor reputations, little pay
Florence Nightingale - answer-founder of modern nursing
-mid 19-20th century
-began career during crimean war
-hospital in turkey
-after war she returned to england and establishes the first training school for nurses
-1859 was the first nursing text written by her
Florence Contributions - answer-hospital management
-established respected occupation for women
-nursing education
-recognized health and illness
-believed that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine
-recognized the importance of nutrition to health
-instituting occupational and recreational therapy
-maintained accurate records
Florence Nightingale - answerdefined nursing as both an art and a science,
differentiated nursing from medicine, freestanding nursing education, published books
about nursing and healthcare; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton - answervolunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during
civil war, served as the supervisor of nurses for the army of the james, organizing
hospitals and nurses, established the red cross in the united states in 1882
Dorothea Dix - answerserved as superindendent of the female nurses of the army
during the civil war; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and
equipping a corps of army nurses, was a pioneering crusader for the reform treatment of
the mentally ill
Lillian Wald - answerEstablished a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the
Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing
Nursing aims - answer-health promotion
-illness prevention
-restoration of health
-facilitate coping mechanisms
, Nursing aim: Promoting health - answer-health is a state of optimal functioning or well-
being
-World Health Organization defines one's health to include physical, social, and mental
components and not merely absence of disease or infirmity
Nursing promotes health by identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient's
individual strengths and components of preventing illness, restoring health, and
facilitating coping with disability or death.
Nursing aim: Preventing Illness - answerThe objectives of illness prevention activities
are to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits, and to maintain optimal
functioning.
Nurses prevent illness by primarily by teaching and by personal example.
Educational programs in areas such as prenatal care for pregnant women, smoking-
cessation programs, and stress reduction seminars
Community programs and resources that encourage healthy lifestyles.
Health assessments in institutions, clinics, and community settings
Nursing aim: restoring health - answerPerforming assessments that detect an illness
(i.e. taking a blood pressure, measuring blood sugars)
Referring questions and abnormal findings to other health care providers as appropriate
Provide direct care to the person who is ill by such measures as giving personal care,
administering medications, and carrying out procedures and treatments
Collaborating with other health care providers in providing care
Planning, teaching, and carrying out rehabilitation for illnesses such as heart attacks,
arthritis and strokes
Working in mental health and chemical-dependency programs
Nursing aim: Facilitating coping and disability and death - answer-nurses facilitate an
optimal level of function through maximizing a person's strengths and potentials
-nurses provide care to both patients and families during end of life care, in hospitals
and long term care facilities
-nurses are active in hospice programs
American Nurses Association (ANA) - answer"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing,
Expanded Educational and Career Roles of Nurses - answer9 of them
1. Clinical nurse specialist - answerEx: enterostomal therapist, geriatrics, infection
control, medical-surgical, maternal/child, oncology, quality assurance, nursing process
A nurse with an advanced degree, education or experience who is considered to be an
expert in a specialized area of nursing; carries out direct patient care; consultation;
teaching of patients, families and staff and research
2. Nurse Practitioner - answerA nurse with an advanced degree, certified for a special
area or age of patient care, works in a variety of health care settings or in independent
practice to make health assessments and deliver primary care
3. Nurse anesthetist - answer- A nurse who completes a course of study in an
anesthesia school, carries out preoperative visits and assessments; administers and
monitors anesthesia during surgery
4. Nurse Midwife - answera nurse who completes a program in midwifery; provides
prenatal and postnatal care; delivers babies for women with uncomplicated pregnancies
5. Clinical Nurse leader - answer-a nurse prepared at the graduate level who oversees
the lateral integration of care for a distinct group of patients and who may actively
provide direct patient care in complex situations
6. Nurse educator - answer- a nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who teaches in
educational or clinical settings; teaches theoretical knowledge and clinical skills;
conducts research
7. Nurse Administrator - answer- a nurse who functions at various levels of
management in health care settings, is responsible for the management and
administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care
8. Nurse Researcher - answer-A nurse with an advanced degree who conducts
research relevant to the definition and improvement of nursing practice and education
9. Nurse entreoreneur - answera nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may
manage a clinic or health related business, conduct research, provide education or
serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political facilities or businesses
Historical perspective on nursing - answer-illness had supernatural causes
,good spirits brought health, evil spirits brought sickness
-role of nurse was one of mother and nurturer
-in the 16th century western society shifted from religious to warfare
-shortages to care for the sick
-women convicted of crimes were recruited
-nurses had poor reputations, little pay
Florence Nightingale - answer-founder of modern nursing
-mid 19-20th century
-began career during crimean war
-hospital in turkey
-after war she returned to england and establishes the first training school for nurses
-1859 was the first nursing text written by her
Florence Contributions - answer-hospital management
-established respected occupation for women
-nursing education
-recognized health and illness
-believed that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine
-recognized the importance of nutrition to health
-instituting occupational and recreational therapy
-maintained accurate records
Florence Nightingale - answerdefined nursing as both an art and a science,
differentiated nursing from medicine, freestanding nursing education, published books
about nursing and healthcare; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton - answervolunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during
civil war, served as the supervisor of nurses for the army of the james, organizing
hospitals and nurses, established the red cross in the united states in 1882
Dorothea Dix - answerserved as superindendent of the female nurses of the army
during the civil war; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and
equipping a corps of army nurses, was a pioneering crusader for the reform treatment of
the mentally ill
Lillian Wald - answerEstablished a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the
Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing
Nursing aims - answer-health promotion
-illness prevention
-restoration of health
-facilitate coping mechanisms
, Nursing aim: Promoting health - answer-health is a state of optimal functioning or well-
being
-World Health Organization defines one's health to include physical, social, and mental
components and not merely absence of disease or infirmity
Nursing promotes health by identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient's
individual strengths and components of preventing illness, restoring health, and
facilitating coping with disability or death.
Nursing aim: Preventing Illness - answerThe objectives of illness prevention activities
are to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits, and to maintain optimal
functioning.
Nurses prevent illness by primarily by teaching and by personal example.
Educational programs in areas such as prenatal care for pregnant women, smoking-
cessation programs, and stress reduction seminars
Community programs and resources that encourage healthy lifestyles.
Health assessments in institutions, clinics, and community settings
Nursing aim: restoring health - answerPerforming assessments that detect an illness
(i.e. taking a blood pressure, measuring blood sugars)
Referring questions and abnormal findings to other health care providers as appropriate
Provide direct care to the person who is ill by such measures as giving personal care,
administering medications, and carrying out procedures and treatments
Collaborating with other health care providers in providing care
Planning, teaching, and carrying out rehabilitation for illnesses such as heart attacks,
arthritis and strokes
Working in mental health and chemical-dependency programs
Nursing aim: Facilitating coping and disability and death - answer-nurses facilitate an
optimal level of function through maximizing a person's strengths and potentials
-nurses provide care to both patients and families during end of life care, in hospitals
and long term care facilities
-nurses are active in hospice programs
American Nurses Association (ANA) - answer"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing,
