BIOPSYCHOLOGY - AQA A LEVEL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) | LATEST EXAM
UPDATE
The two roles of the human nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - To
collect, process and respond to information in the environment
to co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
the two subsystems of the nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - peripheral
nervous system
central nervous system
The divisions of the peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER -
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system function - CORRECT ANSWER - governs all
vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual
arousal and stress responses
Split into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous
system
The parts of the central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - The brain:
centre of all conscious awareness, the outer layer is called the cerebral cortex
and is divided into two hemispheres
The spinal cord: an extension of the brain, responsible for reflex actions
The peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - sends information to
the CNS from the outside world and transmits messages from the CNS to
muscles and glands
,The central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - is the origin of all
complex commands and decisions
The endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the body's major
information systems that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the
bloodstream, these hormones are carried towards target organs in the body
Gland - CORRECT ANSWER - An organ in the body that synthesises
substances such as hormones
Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical substances that circulate in the
bloodstream and only affect target organs, they are produces in large quantities
but disappear quickly
The pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWER - The main endocrine gland, often
called the master gland because it controls the release of hormones from all
other endocrine glands in the body
Fight or Flight response - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. when a stressor is
perceived the hypothalamus triggers activity in the sympathetic branch of the
autonomic nervous system
2. The ANS changes from its normal resting state (the parasympathetic state) to
the physiologically aroused sympathetic state
3. The stress hormone adrenaline is released into the bloodstream - adrenaline
triggers physiological changes in the body e.g. increased heart rate, necessary
for the response
4. once the threat has passed the parasympathetic nervous system returns the
body to its resting state, it acts as a break and reduces the activities of the body
that were increased by the actions of the sympathetic branch, sometimes
referred to as the rest and digest response
,sympathetic state - CORRECT ANSWER - - increases heart rate
- increases breathing rate
- dilates pupils
- inhibits saliva production
- contracts rectum
Parasympathetic state - CORRECT ANSWER - - decreases heart rate
- decreases breathing rate
- contracts pupils
- stimulates digestion
- stimulates saliva production
- relaxes rectum
The structure of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - - Vary in size from less
than a millimeter to up to a meter long
- the cell body (or soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier and
terminal buttons
Cell body (soma) of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - includes a nucleus,
which contains the genetic material of the cell
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER - branch-like structures that protude from
the neuron cell body
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER - carries the impulses away from the cell body
Myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER - fatty layer that protects the axon and
speeds up chemical transmission
, Nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER - where the myelin sheath is
segmented to maintain the speed of chemical transmission
Terminal buttons - CORRECT ANSWER - Communicate between neurons
electric transmission - firing of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. when a
neuron is in a resting state the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared
to the outside
2. when a neuron is activated by a stimulus, the inside of the cell becomes
positively charged for a split second causing an action potential to occur
- this creates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon towards the end of
the neuron
types of neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - motor neurons, sensory neurons and
relay neurons
neural networks - CORRECT ANSWER - Groups of neurons communicating
with each other
The synapse - CORRECT ANSWER - includes the space between the neuron
(called the synaptic cleft as well as the presynaptic terminal and post synaptic
receptor site
Synaptic transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - how signals between neurons
are transmitted chemically
what happens when the electrical impulse reaches the end of the neuron -
CORRECT ANSWER - the end of the neuron is called the presynaptic
terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter from tiny sacs called
synaptic vesicles
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) | LATEST EXAM
UPDATE
The two roles of the human nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - To
collect, process and respond to information in the environment
to co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
the two subsystems of the nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - peripheral
nervous system
central nervous system
The divisions of the peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER -
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system function - CORRECT ANSWER - governs all
vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, sexual
arousal and stress responses
Split into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous
system
The parts of the central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - The brain:
centre of all conscious awareness, the outer layer is called the cerebral cortex
and is divided into two hemispheres
The spinal cord: an extension of the brain, responsible for reflex actions
The peripheral nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - sends information to
the CNS from the outside world and transmits messages from the CNS to
muscles and glands
,The central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - is the origin of all
complex commands and decisions
The endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER - One of the body's major
information systems that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the
bloodstream, these hormones are carried towards target organs in the body
Gland - CORRECT ANSWER - An organ in the body that synthesises
substances such as hormones
Hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical substances that circulate in the
bloodstream and only affect target organs, they are produces in large quantities
but disappear quickly
The pituitary gland - CORRECT ANSWER - The main endocrine gland, often
called the master gland because it controls the release of hormones from all
other endocrine glands in the body
Fight or Flight response - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. when a stressor is
perceived the hypothalamus triggers activity in the sympathetic branch of the
autonomic nervous system
2. The ANS changes from its normal resting state (the parasympathetic state) to
the physiologically aroused sympathetic state
3. The stress hormone adrenaline is released into the bloodstream - adrenaline
triggers physiological changes in the body e.g. increased heart rate, necessary
for the response
4. once the threat has passed the parasympathetic nervous system returns the
body to its resting state, it acts as a break and reduces the activities of the body
that were increased by the actions of the sympathetic branch, sometimes
referred to as the rest and digest response
,sympathetic state - CORRECT ANSWER - - increases heart rate
- increases breathing rate
- dilates pupils
- inhibits saliva production
- contracts rectum
Parasympathetic state - CORRECT ANSWER - - decreases heart rate
- decreases breathing rate
- contracts pupils
- stimulates digestion
- stimulates saliva production
- relaxes rectum
The structure of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - - Vary in size from less
than a millimeter to up to a meter long
- the cell body (or soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier and
terminal buttons
Cell body (soma) of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - includes a nucleus,
which contains the genetic material of the cell
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER - branch-like structures that protude from
the neuron cell body
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER - carries the impulses away from the cell body
Myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER - fatty layer that protects the axon and
speeds up chemical transmission
, Nodes of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER - where the myelin sheath is
segmented to maintain the speed of chemical transmission
Terminal buttons - CORRECT ANSWER - Communicate between neurons
electric transmission - firing of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. when a
neuron is in a resting state the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared
to the outside
2. when a neuron is activated by a stimulus, the inside of the cell becomes
positively charged for a split second causing an action potential to occur
- this creates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon towards the end of
the neuron
types of neuron - CORRECT ANSWER - motor neurons, sensory neurons and
relay neurons
neural networks - CORRECT ANSWER - Groups of neurons communicating
with each other
The synapse - CORRECT ANSWER - includes the space between the neuron
(called the synaptic cleft as well as the presynaptic terminal and post synaptic
receptor site
Synaptic transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - how signals between neurons
are transmitted chemically
what happens when the electrical impulse reaches the end of the neuron -
CORRECT ANSWER - the end of the neuron is called the presynaptic
terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter from tiny sacs called
synaptic vesicles
