Key Concepts in Nutrition, Food Systems, and
Health Management: Comprehensive Practice
Q&A Review
Which of the following techniques offers the least constructive information to someone being
disciplined?
Providing advice
Focusing on behavior
Providing alternatives
Focusing on observations - ✔✔The correct answer is A.
The purpose of disciplining is for a manager to provide constructive information to help the subordinate
become aware of how his or her actions affect the organization's system. The goal is to provide
maximum information with minimum threat. Providing advice is not constructive. Feedback should
focus on ideas and information, not advice.
Which of the following is NOT a component of meta-analysis?
Inclusion criteria are clearly defined
Peer-reviewed data are preferred
Studies must have a similar design
Data are presented in a narrative manner - ✔✔The correct answer is D.
Meta-analysis uses studies with similar design, defines inclusion criteria, and usually uses peer-reviewed
articles. There is no criterion or requirement that data have to be presented in a narrative manner.
What elements comprise the marketing mix?
Product, price, promotion, and place
,Price, product, popularity, and process
Product, promotion, position, and popularity
Product, place, position, and process - ✔✔The correct answer is A.
Marketing mix is a combination of product, price, place and promotion to achieve an organization's
objectives and to satisfy the target market. A product can be a good, a service, or an idea. Price is the
amount of money charged for a product. Promotion is used to facilitate exchanges by informing
prospective customers about a business and its products. Place refers to the location, the place where
the product is offered. The terms "popularity," "process," and "position" have no relevance in marketing
mix.
Which agency approves the use of food additives in breakfast cereal?
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - ✔✔The correct answer is C.
The FDA regulates use of food additives—including coloring agents considered safe for human
consumption and additives that are considered safe for human consumption or generally recognized as
safe (GRAS) by the scientific community. Any food that contains a food additive that is not deemed safe
is considered an adulterated food by FDA standards.
Which of the following characteristics is key to an efficient and effective system?
Continuous response and adaptation to the system
Flow of resources
Interdependency of parts
Achievement of subunit objectives - ✔✔The correct answer is C.
A system is a collection of interrelated parts or subsystems unified by design to obtain one or more
objectives. Interdependency is the reciprocal relationship of the parts of a system; each part mutually
,affects the performance of the others. Interdependency emphasizes the importance of viewing the
organization as a whole rather than as isolated parts. The other responses (ie, continuous response and
adaptation to a system, flow of resources through a system, and achievement of subunit objectives) all
are isolated parts of a system.
One advantage of using a crossover design over a parallel design is
a shorter study duration.
a smaller sample size.
a reduction in variability.
a washout period is not needed. - ✔✔The correct answer is C.
Crossover design includes a washout period and does not have to be a shorter study duration, and
sample size does not have to be small. The design uses the same subjects who serve as the control,
hence a reduction in variability.
Customer and employee satisfaction are both
functions of management.
linking processes.
environmental factors.
outputs of the foodservice system. - ✔✔The correct answer is D.
The outputs are the goods and services that result from transforming the inputs of the system and
express how objectives are achieved. Customer and employee satisfaction and financial accountability
are desired outcomes in a foodservice system.
Which of the following must be true for a food to be labeled "low fat"?
Contains less than 0.5 g fat per serving
Contains less than 3 g fat per serving
, Contains 25% less fat than the full-fat food
Contains 1/3 fewer calories or 50% less fat than the full-fat food - ✔✔The correct answer is B.
Following food labeling laws, to be identified as low in fat, a serving of food must contain less than 3 g
fat.
Diagnosis is the second step in the Academy's Nutrition Care Process and Model. Part of the Diagnosis
step is to document PES. PES stands for .
Problem, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms
Plan, Education, Significant Results
Proposal, Efficacy, Strategies
Policy, Establish, Skills - ✔✔The correct answer is A.
PES stands for Problem, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms. Documentation of PES incorporates information
gained during the Nutrition Assessment step of the Nutrition Care Process to identify the problem and
the evidence presented by what the patient is experiencing
Dietetic students finishing supervised practice should be able to utilize food and nutrition management
systems, client educational materials, and
prescribe TPN formulas.
create organizational mission statements.
generate appropriate statistical analyses.
work with electronic health records. - ✔✔The correct answer is D.
Entry-level practitioners need to have a general awareness of entry-level informatics skills, which
include electronic health records, food and nutrition management systems, and educational print
materials.
Daily Values are nutrient standards derived from the Daily Reference Values and the
Health Management: Comprehensive Practice
Q&A Review
Which of the following techniques offers the least constructive information to someone being
disciplined?
Providing advice
Focusing on behavior
Providing alternatives
Focusing on observations - ✔✔The correct answer is A.
The purpose of disciplining is for a manager to provide constructive information to help the subordinate
become aware of how his or her actions affect the organization's system. The goal is to provide
maximum information with minimum threat. Providing advice is not constructive. Feedback should
focus on ideas and information, not advice.
Which of the following is NOT a component of meta-analysis?
Inclusion criteria are clearly defined
Peer-reviewed data are preferred
Studies must have a similar design
Data are presented in a narrative manner - ✔✔The correct answer is D.
Meta-analysis uses studies with similar design, defines inclusion criteria, and usually uses peer-reviewed
articles. There is no criterion or requirement that data have to be presented in a narrative manner.
What elements comprise the marketing mix?
Product, price, promotion, and place
,Price, product, popularity, and process
Product, promotion, position, and popularity
Product, place, position, and process - ✔✔The correct answer is A.
Marketing mix is a combination of product, price, place and promotion to achieve an organization's
objectives and to satisfy the target market. A product can be a good, a service, or an idea. Price is the
amount of money charged for a product. Promotion is used to facilitate exchanges by informing
prospective customers about a business and its products. Place refers to the location, the place where
the product is offered. The terms "popularity," "process," and "position" have no relevance in marketing
mix.
Which agency approves the use of food additives in breakfast cereal?
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - ✔✔The correct answer is C.
The FDA regulates use of food additives—including coloring agents considered safe for human
consumption and additives that are considered safe for human consumption or generally recognized as
safe (GRAS) by the scientific community. Any food that contains a food additive that is not deemed safe
is considered an adulterated food by FDA standards.
Which of the following characteristics is key to an efficient and effective system?
Continuous response and adaptation to the system
Flow of resources
Interdependency of parts
Achievement of subunit objectives - ✔✔The correct answer is C.
A system is a collection of interrelated parts or subsystems unified by design to obtain one or more
objectives. Interdependency is the reciprocal relationship of the parts of a system; each part mutually
,affects the performance of the others. Interdependency emphasizes the importance of viewing the
organization as a whole rather than as isolated parts. The other responses (ie, continuous response and
adaptation to a system, flow of resources through a system, and achievement of subunit objectives) all
are isolated parts of a system.
One advantage of using a crossover design over a parallel design is
a shorter study duration.
a smaller sample size.
a reduction in variability.
a washout period is not needed. - ✔✔The correct answer is C.
Crossover design includes a washout period and does not have to be a shorter study duration, and
sample size does not have to be small. The design uses the same subjects who serve as the control,
hence a reduction in variability.
Customer and employee satisfaction are both
functions of management.
linking processes.
environmental factors.
outputs of the foodservice system. - ✔✔The correct answer is D.
The outputs are the goods and services that result from transforming the inputs of the system and
express how objectives are achieved. Customer and employee satisfaction and financial accountability
are desired outcomes in a foodservice system.
Which of the following must be true for a food to be labeled "low fat"?
Contains less than 0.5 g fat per serving
Contains less than 3 g fat per serving
, Contains 25% less fat than the full-fat food
Contains 1/3 fewer calories or 50% less fat than the full-fat food - ✔✔The correct answer is B.
Following food labeling laws, to be identified as low in fat, a serving of food must contain less than 3 g
fat.
Diagnosis is the second step in the Academy's Nutrition Care Process and Model. Part of the Diagnosis
step is to document PES. PES stands for .
Problem, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms
Plan, Education, Significant Results
Proposal, Efficacy, Strategies
Policy, Establish, Skills - ✔✔The correct answer is A.
PES stands for Problem, Etiology, Signs and Symptoms. Documentation of PES incorporates information
gained during the Nutrition Assessment step of the Nutrition Care Process to identify the problem and
the evidence presented by what the patient is experiencing
Dietetic students finishing supervised practice should be able to utilize food and nutrition management
systems, client educational materials, and
prescribe TPN formulas.
create organizational mission statements.
generate appropriate statistical analyses.
work with electronic health records. - ✔✔The correct answer is D.
Entry-level practitioners need to have a general awareness of entry-level informatics skills, which
include electronic health records, food and nutrition management systems, and educational print
materials.
Daily Values are nutrient standards derived from the Daily Reference Values and the
