Test Bank for Clinical Chemistry Principles, Techniques,
and Correlations 9th Edition All Chapters 1-31| LATEST
Sensitivity equation - ANSWERSTP/(TP+FN)
For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSWERSThe number of true positives
divided by all results that should have been positive
Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSWERSNPV = TN/(TN+FN)
NPV is best described as... - ANSWERSThe number of true negative values divided by all
observed negative values
Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWERSStandard deviation
Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWERSMean
Specificity equation - ANSWERSTN/(TN+FP)
For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSWERSThe number of true negatives
divided by all results that should have been negative
What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSWERSSpecificity, sensitivity, predictive
value, and accuracy
What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSWERSAccuracy, precision, reference
range, and critical values
,Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSWERSpH, Na, Cl,
CO2, K
(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high
volumes of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. -
ANSWERSTrue
(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. -
ANSWERSTrue
Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician?
- ANSWERSObjective and personalized patient information
What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from
unbound antigen during the assay? - ANSWERSEMIT
What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1
minute? - ANSWERSInternational unit
Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSWERSEndogenous enzymes
and endogenous substrates
UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in
solution or samples? - ANSWERSThe Beer-Lambert Law
What does nephelometry measure? - ANSWERSIt measures the scatter of light by particles (light
scattering of the sample/the stability of the sample)
What does refractometry measure? - ANSWERSLight bending as it passes through different
media
,Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSWERSMS can determine molecular weight,
detect novel substances, and has high mass accuracy.
What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? -
ANSWERSImmunochromatographic assay
What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSWERSFollicle
stimulating hormone (FSH)
Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test
is... - ANSWERSSo simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared
by the FDA for home use
What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG) test? - ANSWERS7 to 10 days after conception
Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSWERSFollicle
stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? -
ANSWERSHair
Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated
based on the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSWERSCreatinine
Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSWERSBinding
by serum albumin
, Hyponatremia is... - ANSWERSDecreased blood sodium levels
What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANSWERS1-2%
What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSWERSChloride
Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective
electrodes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? -
ANSWERSImmunochromatographic method
An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSWERSAlkalosis & hypokalemia
What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSWERSVomiting, excessive sweating, and
diarrhea
Hypernatremia is... - ANSWERSElevated blood sodium levels
The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSWERSSodium
Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in
establishing the Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? -
ANSWERSSIADH
A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSWERSAcidosis & hyperkalemia
Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSWERSSodium
and Correlations 9th Edition All Chapters 1-31| LATEST
Sensitivity equation - ANSWERSTP/(TP+FN)
For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSWERSThe number of true positives
divided by all results that should have been positive
Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSWERSNPV = TN/(TN+FN)
NPV is best described as... - ANSWERSThe number of true negative values divided by all
observed negative values
Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWERSStandard deviation
Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSWERSMean
Specificity equation - ANSWERSTN/(TN+FP)
For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSWERSThe number of true negatives
divided by all results that should have been negative
What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSWERSSpecificity, sensitivity, predictive
value, and accuracy
What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSWERSAccuracy, precision, reference
range, and critical values
,Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSWERSpH, Na, Cl,
CO2, K
(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high
volumes of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. -
ANSWERSTrue
(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. -
ANSWERSTrue
Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician?
- ANSWERSObjective and personalized patient information
What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from
unbound antigen during the assay? - ANSWERSEMIT
What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1
minute? - ANSWERSInternational unit
Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSWERSEndogenous enzymes
and endogenous substrates
UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in
solution or samples? - ANSWERSThe Beer-Lambert Law
What does nephelometry measure? - ANSWERSIt measures the scatter of light by particles (light
scattering of the sample/the stability of the sample)
What does refractometry measure? - ANSWERSLight bending as it passes through different
media
,Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSWERSMS can determine molecular weight,
detect novel substances, and has high mass accuracy.
What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? -
ANSWERSImmunochromatographic assay
What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSWERSFollicle
stimulating hormone (FSH)
Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test
is... - ANSWERSSo simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared
by the FDA for home use
What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG) test? - ANSWERS7 to 10 days after conception
Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSWERSFollicle
stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? -
ANSWERSHair
Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated
based on the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSWERSCreatinine
Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSWERSBinding
by serum albumin
, Hyponatremia is... - ANSWERSDecreased blood sodium levels
What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANSWERS1-2%
What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSWERSChloride
Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective
electrodes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? -
ANSWERSImmunochromatographic method
An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSWERSAlkalosis & hypokalemia
What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSWERSVomiting, excessive sweating, and
diarrhea
Hypernatremia is... - ANSWERSElevated blood sodium levels
The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSWERSSodium
Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in
establishing the Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? -
ANSWERSSIADH
A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSWERSAcidosis & hyperkalemia
Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSWERSSodium
