Unit 3 AP BIO Exam Review Questions
and Answers19
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SYI-3.A.1 Variation at the molecular level provides organisms with the ability to respond to a
variety of environmental stimuli.
SYI-3.A.2 Variation in the number and types of molecules within cells provides organisms a
greater ability to survive and/or reproduce in different environments.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES § Different types of phospholipids in cell membranes allow the
organism flexibility to adapt to different environmental temperatures. § Different types of
hemoglobin maximize oxygen absorption in organisms at different developmental stages. §
Different chlorophylls give the plant greater flexibility to exploit/ absorb incoming wavelengths
of light for photosynthesis.
Phospholipids in Cell Membranes
In cold temperatures, phospholipid bilayers with saturated fatty acid tails are more rigid, while
phospholipid bilayers with unsaturated fatty acid tails maintain the fluidity and flexibility that
cells require.
During different times of the year, some plants (like Winter Wheat) can change the
concentration of unsaturated phospholipids.
The diagram shows the composition of Winter Wheat phospholipids in the summer. Draw what
you would expect to see in the winter. - ANSWERS -
Plants have two forms of chlorophyll, a and b. What wavelengths do each absorb?.
Chlorophyll a - _______ & ________
Chlorophyll b - _______ & ________ - ANSWERS -
,What is the adaptive advantage of having two forms of chlorophyll that absorb different light
wavelengths? - ANSWERS -
TOPIC 3.1 Enzyme Structure - ANSWERS -ENDURING UNDERSTANDING: The highly complex
organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the exchange of
macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.D Describe the properties of enzymes.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ENE-1.D.1 The structure of enzymes includes the active site that specifically interacts with
substrate molecules.
ENE-1.D.2 For an enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to occur, the shape and charge of the
substrate must be compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
This is an enzyme →
Label the active site.
Draw a substrate molecule that would bind to this enzyme. - ANSWERS -
Draw a substrate molecule that would NOT bind to this enzyme. - ANSWERS -- any substrate
that is not the exact shape of the active site
- needs to fit like a lock and key
What type of biomolecule are enzymes? ________________ What is the monomer?
______________ - ANSWERS -enzyme = proteins
monomer = amino acids
, The most important thing about an enzyme its S__________! An enzyme must have the right
S__________ in order to do its job! - ANSWERS -- shape
- shape
This enzyme has an amino acid at the center of the active site with a positively charged R group.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a negatively
charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a different, but
also positively charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts. - ANSWERS -a
negatively charged amino acid (R group) would likely prevent the enzyme from functioning, The
positive charge would probably disrupt the shape of the enzymes active site, preventing binding
of the substrate.
it is possible that the substitution of a different but also positively charged R groups, would not
impact the shape or function of the enzyme. The charge has not changed, so the protein is likely
to fold properly, and interact with the substrate in the same way
TOPIC 3.2 Enzyme Catalysis - ANSWERS -ENDURING UNDERSTANDING: The highly complex
organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the exchange of
macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.E Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
and Answers19
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
SYI-3.A.1 Variation at the molecular level provides organisms with the ability to respond to a
variety of environmental stimuli.
SYI-3.A.2 Variation in the number and types of molecules within cells provides organisms a
greater ability to survive and/or reproduce in different environments.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES § Different types of phospholipids in cell membranes allow the
organism flexibility to adapt to different environmental temperatures. § Different types of
hemoglobin maximize oxygen absorption in organisms at different developmental stages. §
Different chlorophylls give the plant greater flexibility to exploit/ absorb incoming wavelengths
of light for photosynthesis.
Phospholipids in Cell Membranes
In cold temperatures, phospholipid bilayers with saturated fatty acid tails are more rigid, while
phospholipid bilayers with unsaturated fatty acid tails maintain the fluidity and flexibility that
cells require.
During different times of the year, some plants (like Winter Wheat) can change the
concentration of unsaturated phospholipids.
The diagram shows the composition of Winter Wheat phospholipids in the summer. Draw what
you would expect to see in the winter. - ANSWERS -
Plants have two forms of chlorophyll, a and b. What wavelengths do each absorb?.
Chlorophyll a - _______ & ________
Chlorophyll b - _______ & ________ - ANSWERS -
,What is the adaptive advantage of having two forms of chlorophyll that absorb different light
wavelengths? - ANSWERS -
TOPIC 3.1 Enzyme Structure - ANSWERS -ENDURING UNDERSTANDING: The highly complex
organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the exchange of
macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.D Describe the properties of enzymes.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
ENE-1.D.1 The structure of enzymes includes the active site that specifically interacts with
substrate molecules.
ENE-1.D.2 For an enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to occur, the shape and charge of the
substrate must be compatible with the active site of the enzyme.
This is an enzyme →
Label the active site.
Draw a substrate molecule that would bind to this enzyme. - ANSWERS -
Draw a substrate molecule that would NOT bind to this enzyme. - ANSWERS -- any substrate
that is not the exact shape of the active site
- needs to fit like a lock and key
What type of biomolecule are enzymes? ________________ What is the monomer?
______________ - ANSWERS -enzyme = proteins
monomer = amino acids
, The most important thing about an enzyme its S__________! An enzyme must have the right
S__________ in order to do its job! - ANSWERS -- shape
- shape
This enzyme has an amino acid at the center of the active site with a positively charged R group.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a negatively
charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts.
Predict - how would the function of this enzyme be affected if a mutation led to a different, but
also positively charged amino acid being in that location? Explain your thoughts. - ANSWERS -a
negatively charged amino acid (R group) would likely prevent the enzyme from functioning, The
positive charge would probably disrupt the shape of the enzymes active site, preventing binding
of the substrate.
it is possible that the substitution of a different but also positively charged R groups, would not
impact the shape or function of the enzyme. The charge has not changed, so the protein is likely
to fold properly, and interact with the substrate in the same way
TOPIC 3.2 Enzyme Catalysis - ANSWERS -ENDURING UNDERSTANDING: The highly complex
organization of living systems requires constant input of energy and the exchange of
macromolecules.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
ENE-1.E Explain how enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions.
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
