Integrated Nursing Review: Maternal, Pediatric,
Infectious, and Adult Care Essentials
In Abruptio Placenta, the placenta from the uterine wall .-
✔✔Separates, prematurely
Abruptio Placenta usually occurs in (prima/multi) gravida over the age of . - ✔✔Multi, 35
(HTN, trauma, cocaine)
How is the bleeding of Abruptio Placenta different from that in placenta previa? - ✔✔pain and less
voluminous in abruptio
If you are the nurse starting the IV on the client with Abruptia Placenta, what guage needle should you
use? - ✔✔18 (in preparation to give blood if necessary)
How often should you measure the vital signs, vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate during Abruptio
Placenta>? - ✔✔Q5-15 minutes for bleeding and maternal VS, continuous fetal monitoring, deliver at
earliest sign of fetal distress
How is an infant delivered when Abruptio Placenta is present? - ✔✔Usually C-section
Is there a higher or lower incidence of fetal death with Abruptio Placenta compared to Placenta Previa? -
✔✔Highter
In what trimester does Abruptio Placenta most commonly occur? - ✔✔Third
At what age are accidental poisonings most common? - ✔✔2 years old
If a child swallows a potentially poisonous substance, what should be done first? - ✔✔call medical help
,When taking a child to the ER after accidental poisoning has occurred what must accompany the child to
the ER? - ✔✔the suspected poison
An elderly client is a (high/low) risk for accidental poisoning? What about a school age child? - ✔✔high -
due to poor eyesight, high
What types of chemicals cause burns to oral mucosa when ingested? - ✔✔Lye, caustic cleaners
Children at highest risk for seizure activity after ingestion are those who have swallowed
and . - ✔✔drugs, insecticides
Can impaired skin integrity ever be an appropriate nursing diagnosis when poisoning has occurred? -
✔✔Yes, when lye or caustic agents have been ingested
What is the causative organism of acne? - ✔✔P. acnes (propionibacterium acnes)
What structures are involved in acne vulgaris? - ✔✔The sebaceous glands
Name 3 drugs given for acne? - ✔✔Vitamin A, Antibiotics, Retinoids
Dietary indiscretions and uncleanliness are causes of acne? - ✔✔NO
What are the 3 causative factors in acne vulgaris? - ✔✔Heredity, Bacterial, Hormonal
What is the most common retinoid given to people with acne? - ✔✔Accutane
Accutane is an analog of which vitamin? - ✔✔Vitamin A
,What is the most common side effect of accutane and Tetracycline? - ✔✔birth defects
What is the antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne? - ✔✔Tetracycline
How long will it take for the person to see results when acne is being treated? - ✔✔4 to 6 weeks
Does stress make acne worse? - ✔✔yes
How often should the client with acne wash his face each day? - ✔✔twice a day
What instructions do you give to a client taking tetracycline? - ✔✔Take it on an empty stomach and
avoid the sunlight (photosensitivity)
What are comedones? - ✔✔Blackheads and white heads
What virus causes AIDS? - ✔✔HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus
The AIDS virus invades helper . - ✔✔T-lymphocytes (or CD4 cells)
AIDS is trasmissible through what four routes? - ✔✔blood, sexual contact, breast feeding, across
placenta in utero
HIV is present in all body fluids? - ✔✔Yes, but not transmitted by all, only blood, semen and breast milk
Name the 5 risk groups for AIDS - ✔✔Homosexual/bisexual men, IV drug users, hemophiliacs,
heterosexual partners of infected people, newborn children of infected women
What is the first test for HIV antibodies? - ✔✔ELISA
, What test confirms the ELISA? - ✔✔Western Blot
Which test is the best indicator of the progress of HIV disease? - ✔✔CD4 count
A CD4 count of under __________ s associated with the onset of AIDS-related symptoms. - ✔✔500
A CD4 count of under is associated with the onset of opportunistic infections. - ✔✔200
Give 6 symptoms of HIV disease. - ✔✔Anorexia, fatigue, weakness, night sweats, fever, diarrhea
Which 2 classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity? - ✔✔NRTI's (nucleoside
reverse transcriptease inhibitors) and PI's (protease inhibitors)
NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) - ✔✔an antiviral drug used against HIV (is
incorporated into the DNA of the virus and stops the building process; results in incomplete DNA that
cannot create a new virus; often used in combination with other drugs)
PI's (Protease inhibitors) - ✔✔most potent of antiviral meds, inhibit cell protein synthesis that interferes
with viral replication, does not cure but slows progression of AIDS and prolongs life, used
prophylactically, used in AIDS to decrease viral load and opportunistic infections
What do NRTI's and PI's do? - ✔✔They prevent viral replication
What does the physician hope to achieve with NRTI's and PI's for HIV? - ✔✔A delayed onset of AIDS for
as long as possible (usually can delay onset for 10-15 years)
What is the most common NRTI used? - ✔✔AZT (zidovudine)
What is the most challenging aspect of combination of drug therapy for HIV disease? - ✔✔The number
of pills that must be taken in 24 hours can be overwhelming. The frequency also makes it hard to
remember-an alarm wristwatch is used.
Infectious, and Adult Care Essentials
In Abruptio Placenta, the placenta from the uterine wall .-
✔✔Separates, prematurely
Abruptio Placenta usually occurs in (prima/multi) gravida over the age of . - ✔✔Multi, 35
(HTN, trauma, cocaine)
How is the bleeding of Abruptio Placenta different from that in placenta previa? - ✔✔pain and less
voluminous in abruptio
If you are the nurse starting the IV on the client with Abruptia Placenta, what guage needle should you
use? - ✔✔18 (in preparation to give blood if necessary)
How often should you measure the vital signs, vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate during Abruptio
Placenta>? - ✔✔Q5-15 minutes for bleeding and maternal VS, continuous fetal monitoring, deliver at
earliest sign of fetal distress
How is an infant delivered when Abruptio Placenta is present? - ✔✔Usually C-section
Is there a higher or lower incidence of fetal death with Abruptio Placenta compared to Placenta Previa? -
✔✔Highter
In what trimester does Abruptio Placenta most commonly occur? - ✔✔Third
At what age are accidental poisonings most common? - ✔✔2 years old
If a child swallows a potentially poisonous substance, what should be done first? - ✔✔call medical help
,When taking a child to the ER after accidental poisoning has occurred what must accompany the child to
the ER? - ✔✔the suspected poison
An elderly client is a (high/low) risk for accidental poisoning? What about a school age child? - ✔✔high -
due to poor eyesight, high
What types of chemicals cause burns to oral mucosa when ingested? - ✔✔Lye, caustic cleaners
Children at highest risk for seizure activity after ingestion are those who have swallowed
and . - ✔✔drugs, insecticides
Can impaired skin integrity ever be an appropriate nursing diagnosis when poisoning has occurred? -
✔✔Yes, when lye or caustic agents have been ingested
What is the causative organism of acne? - ✔✔P. acnes (propionibacterium acnes)
What structures are involved in acne vulgaris? - ✔✔The sebaceous glands
Name 3 drugs given for acne? - ✔✔Vitamin A, Antibiotics, Retinoids
Dietary indiscretions and uncleanliness are causes of acne? - ✔✔NO
What are the 3 causative factors in acne vulgaris? - ✔✔Heredity, Bacterial, Hormonal
What is the most common retinoid given to people with acne? - ✔✔Accutane
Accutane is an analog of which vitamin? - ✔✔Vitamin A
,What is the most common side effect of accutane and Tetracycline? - ✔✔birth defects
What is the antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne? - ✔✔Tetracycline
How long will it take for the person to see results when acne is being treated? - ✔✔4 to 6 weeks
Does stress make acne worse? - ✔✔yes
How often should the client with acne wash his face each day? - ✔✔twice a day
What instructions do you give to a client taking tetracycline? - ✔✔Take it on an empty stomach and
avoid the sunlight (photosensitivity)
What are comedones? - ✔✔Blackheads and white heads
What virus causes AIDS? - ✔✔HIV - Human immunodeficiency virus
The AIDS virus invades helper . - ✔✔T-lymphocytes (or CD4 cells)
AIDS is trasmissible through what four routes? - ✔✔blood, sexual contact, breast feeding, across
placenta in utero
HIV is present in all body fluids? - ✔✔Yes, but not transmitted by all, only blood, semen and breast milk
Name the 5 risk groups for AIDS - ✔✔Homosexual/bisexual men, IV drug users, hemophiliacs,
heterosexual partners of infected people, newborn children of infected women
What is the first test for HIV antibodies? - ✔✔ELISA
, What test confirms the ELISA? - ✔✔Western Blot
Which test is the best indicator of the progress of HIV disease? - ✔✔CD4 count
A CD4 count of under __________ s associated with the onset of AIDS-related symptoms. - ✔✔500
A CD4 count of under is associated with the onset of opportunistic infections. - ✔✔200
Give 6 symptoms of HIV disease. - ✔✔Anorexia, fatigue, weakness, night sweats, fever, diarrhea
Which 2 classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity? - ✔✔NRTI's (nucleoside
reverse transcriptease inhibitors) and PI's (protease inhibitors)
NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptease inhibitors) - ✔✔an antiviral drug used against HIV (is
incorporated into the DNA of the virus and stops the building process; results in incomplete DNA that
cannot create a new virus; often used in combination with other drugs)
PI's (Protease inhibitors) - ✔✔most potent of antiviral meds, inhibit cell protein synthesis that interferes
with viral replication, does not cure but slows progression of AIDS and prolongs life, used
prophylactically, used in AIDS to decrease viral load and opportunistic infections
What do NRTI's and PI's do? - ✔✔They prevent viral replication
What does the physician hope to achieve with NRTI's and PI's for HIV? - ✔✔A delayed onset of AIDS for
as long as possible (usually can delay onset for 10-15 years)
What is the most common NRTI used? - ✔✔AZT (zidovudine)
What is the most challenging aspect of combination of drug therapy for HIV disease? - ✔✔The number
of pills that must be taken in 24 hours can be overwhelming. The frequency also makes it hard to
remember-an alarm wristwatch is used.
