CAT theory Grade 10 - Network and Internet Technologies SOLUTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

A collection of computers and other devices that are connected either via a cable or wirelessly Server Powerful computer that provides shared resources in a network Advantages of a network - fast efficient communication - sharing resources - centralization of data - flexible access - leisure - increased control and security Disadvantages of a network - confidential data is vulnerable - expensive - harmful software can spread quickly - network faults PAN (Personal Area Network) Organised around individuals with a range of a few meters; usually one computing device pairs with one or more other devices. Main purpose and main advantage: automate connection between mobile devices Disadvantages: Range of a few meters; data transmission can be slow; peripheral devices usually paired with only one computing device at a time. HAN (Home Area Network) Network within a home environment; uses wired or wireless connection methods If set up wirelessly, security can be an issue - must address with password etc. Switch Used to connect computers in a HAN (but not for internet access) Router Allows computers to connect to networks like the internet;built in switch allows other devices in HAN to 'talk' to each other and share internet connection Connection methods PAN usually Bluetooth; HAN uses wired and wireless connection methods Wired connection: Every network devices must have a NIC ( network Interface controller); Connects to the switch/router via UTP cable ( unshielded Twished pair) Wireless connections: Every network device must have a built-in wireless adapter; use Wi-Fi feature of router - software to control security/ communication usually built into operating system of device Internet Worldwide computer network consisting of computers and networks linked by wired and wireless communication media IP (Internet Protocol) address Every device connecting to internet must have its own ISP (Internet Service Provider) Company with a permeant, fast connection to the internet; they sell internet access and services for a monthly fee, e.g. MWEB Wired connections 1. ADSL - permanent digital connect using a telephone line; connection split into two channels, one for phone calls and one for, internet connection 2. Fibre - data transmitted along thin glass fiber tubes; much faster then ADSL (copper) Wireless connection 4G and 5G (LTE) - latest generations of cellular technologies; mobile access Dongle plugs into USB port to connect device to cellular network for internet access Smartphones or tablet can create a personal hotspot to share its internet connection WWW (World Wide Web) Vast collection of hyperlinked, interactive documents called web pages Web page A document on the we which can be viewed in a web browser created in languages such as HTML, JavaScript, PHP and Python Website A group of related web pages stored at the same web address Home page of a website First page ('landing page') of a website Hyperlink Built-in connection to another website . Web pages or other resources on the Web Indicated as text underlined blue, or as a blue outline (if it is a graphic) Web Server Computer that is connected to the internet and that hosts websites Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Web address - a unique alphanumerical address for a web page IP address A numerical address that uniquely identifies computers, either on a network or on the internet Web portal website A starting point for searching on the web; provides links to different subjects, which can simplify browsing, e.g Yahoo Informational website Provides information to the public, consumers or interested parties, e.g. the South African Revenue Service News website Contains material relating to news of everyday description - current events, sport, weather, etc. e.g. News24 Business or marking websites Contains information about a product or service that usually is brought online, e.g. TAKEALOT Personal website On the personal website to share interest hobbies and life experiences with others Wiki website Allows for the collaboration (joint) creating and editing of web pages, e.g. Wikipedia Educational website Offers entertainment such as online videos, music, sport and gaming Advocacy websites describes an idea, option or cause and usually presents the view of a particular group or organization, e.g. SPCA Web application website Application accessed only over the internet and not stored on a local computer, e.g. Gmail Content aggregator website Website or application that gathers different web content (such as news, weather and movie reviews) from many different online sources, e.g. Rotten Tomatoes, Flipboard Web browser Software that allows one to view and explore web pages on the web - either via. Hyperlink or incases where the URL is already known, by typing the address in the address bar of the web browser. e.g. Google chrome Home page of your browser Web page set as the default or start-up page on browser search engine Program used to search for documents on the web,by using keywords entered by the user, e.g. Google Email Email (electronic mail) is the compressing, sending and receiving of messages electronically electronically over a network such as the Internet ISP - based email How many set up on a local computer or device using appropriate software Web-based email Server that allows you to access an email account through a web browser from any location that has Internet access, e.g. Gmail Domain Can include the service provider, type of organization and geographical location Address book or contacts list Contacts email addresses and information such as phone numbers Mailing list List of people's email addresses grouped under a single name. An email sent to this mailing list will be sent to all the email addresses on that list CC field All recipients names of visible to other recipients Bcc field Address in the field will not be visible to others recipients social network sites Interactive websites where individuals and organizations can post the likes dislikes, interests, photographs and activities for their friends and interest parties to read and respond to Instant Messaging, chat, SMS Different apps and platforms; IM communication in real time Weblog (blog) Website updates with news and events; most recent entries appear at the top Fax to email Ensure that the tone of the message matches the audience. Follow the guidelines so as to be respectful at all times Netiquette The use use of good manners and showing respect for all the uses when using the Internet. Social networking sites netiquette These are public spaces - privacy is not guaranteed. Think carefully before posting anything controversial or potentially damaging. Email Netiquette Ensure the tone of the message matches the audience. Follow the guidelines so as to be respectful at all times Malware Malicious software - any software that is written with negative intentions Virus A program that is written to disrupt the normal functioning functioning of a computer. Most viruses activate when you run or open an infected file. They reproduce themselves by infecting other files. Computer worm No way that is able to distribute itself over a network, normally a via email, without a pushing having run an infected software. It is able to reproduce itself many times Trojan A destructive program disguised as a you spell application. It relies on you to activate the program Spam The electronic equivalent of 'junk mail' - email advertisement sent to you that you did not request Hoaxes and scams Internet hoax - a message or article intended to decide or defraud others Phising Attempts by criminals to con users into giving out personal, confidential details such as pin numbers and passwords by pretending to be from a legitimate organization (often a bank), usually via email. Pharming Scamming practice where a user is automatically redirected to another (fake) website even if he/she types in the correct URL for the official website. Email spoofing The changing of an email headers so that the email appears to come from a different source Preventions and protection for a virus - install antivirus software, keep up-to-date - Scan email attachments, portable media - do not open attachments or run programs from interested sources Preventions and protection for a computer worm - install antivirus software, keep it up-to-date - do not open unrecognized or suspicious emails Preventions and protection for a trojan - don't open attachments or run any programs unless you are quite sure it is safe to do so Preventions and protection for spam - don't give your email address to just anyone - use filters - ISP, email program, antivirus software and specialized utilities Preventions and protection for Hoaxes and scams - never except information at face value - check sources for reliability - do not forward a hoax to others, but delete it - never take any action suggestions in a hoax, such as deleting files of on your computer Preventions and protection for Phising - do not respond to emails or SMS request to confirm bank account details etc. - type URL in address bar of browser yourself - check that the site is secure Preventions and protection for pharming - up-to-date anti-spyware software - heed redirect warnings - check that the site is secure General guidelines for using the internet safety - keep operating system software and antivirus filter definitions of date - install only trusted software - do not click on links in pops pop-ups - have a good password policies Best online police practices for internet safety - do you not meet in person with someone you have met online - do not give out personal details - Think twice before posting on the Internet and do not pos embarrassing material