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Summary P3 - Macroeconomic and Global Issues (K17EA)

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This document contains Chapters 7 and 8, Developed Economies and Macroeconomic Issues and Analysis, of clear and concise handwritten notes for the module Macroeconomic and Global Economic Issues. Prepared for the Malaysia Foundation Programme (UK Syllabus), these notes provide a structured summary of advanced macroeconomic topics, helping you understand complex ideas in a simple and practical way. Each chapter includes key definitions, major concepts, diagrams, and exam-oriented explanations, ideal for quick review or last-minute preparation before tests and finals. What’s included: - Chapters 7–8 out of 8 total chapters - Focused summaries on developed economies and macroeconomic analysis - Highlighted “important” points for exam focus - Visual aids like diagrams and flowcharts - Clear, easy-to-follow explanations in student-friendly language Perfect for: - Malaysia Foundation students following the UK syllabus - UK/A-Level Economics students - Anyone revising key macroeconomic concepts efficiently

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EITEE EID LECLAIDS -




ECONOMIC & relies on economic
growth
DEVELOPMENT - involve an
improvementi n general living standard and income for majority of the
population, along with:

4)
improved employmentopportunities
↳ 4 health and educational standards (literacy)
4 social and cultural services
improved
↳)
improved national self-reliance

4 equality
4




24 technical progress
↳ A reliance on agricultural production
is iti s a qualitative process, involving developmentof economic and social infrastructure
an economy's


4
improve living purchasing
* to standard power
-




ECONOMIC -to Economic growth measure an increase in Real GDP


GROWTH -> measures the total volume goods and services
of produced in an economy
- lead to an outward shift in economy'sPPC which enable greater national output, material welfare and rising living standards




INDICATORS Gron product (GDP) per
development
capita
domestic human index (HDD


ECONOMIC
OF ↳ - La most
popular question
DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OFE CONOMIC

Grow national Income (GN1) per capita
& >A (GP1)
DEVELOPMENT genuine progress indicator




need to differentiate
* ① Grow product( GDP) ② Groa national income (GN1 GNY)
domestic capita
=



per

each indicator & ->
measuring grow domestic
productin a year, and -*
Grow national income per is
grow national income divided
capita

strength dividing itby population by population
This topic is on GNY=GDP+net income from abroad
property
* ->




analysis does not mecleure non-market goods and services =GDP + (income received from abroad -
income


human wealth
& a notb e recorded but obtained in domestic economy which
goes abroad)
may
LIMITATIONS
may improve welfare to
strengths:
- 8often the only statistic
regularly available


GDP fails to take into account certain undesirable ⑧ allows international comparison
and unpriced environmental and social costs, -> weakness:


production
- 4
pollution may worsen people's health &narrow measure economic
of development - does not include


other factor that contribute to quality oflife



& no indication of hour worked or conditory of employment

③ Genuine indicator (GPIS 8 notmeasuring externalities associated with growth
progress
- meacure if country'sgrowth, Iproduction of goods (evironmental factors)

reculted improvementof ④ GNI is an average only
and expanding service in



wealfare of
people in the country Time lags in
publication of statistic

-> itadds volunteer and
value of community work, and


housework (e.g. caring for childrens

-> includes reduction for economic activity d oes not
that


(e.g. legal fees, jail times
improve economic welfare

Made By StudyWithA

, ④Human development index (HDI)

developed, reported by United Nations developmentprogram
-> indicator measured and
composite on


-> based on 3
aspect -
- knowledge to adult literacy rate and Example:South Africa a
-
life
expectancy at


envolments in educational birth (year) ranked 75th in world
life expectancy
A

(long & healthy life) decents tandard HDI (2004):119th
3)
- of
living reasons:- educated
poorly
4 HDI life expectancy at to inadequate access to education
jobs,
=
-




measures and
birth (years) standard ofliving (per capita incomes health service




-> UNDP
developmentgroups:
↳ low human developmentfor HDI a between 0.0 and 0.5
-




4) Medium human development for HDI-R 0.5-0.8
sampling method subjectto error

↳) High human for HDI- 0.8-1.0 ↳ of
poor communication/lack personnel
development

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

- - o -

helps provide takes standard of living not be
a clearer & quality analysis may reflect may simply
factors account, not available because in collecting
picture economic
of development A life into Western consumption
just income them




DEVELOPED 3 Developed Developing:
DEVELOPING -high income per capita
->
income per tends to be low - low GPP per capita
year
high facilities
-> accen to health - life expectancy 4 a
poor health facilities

-> level of
experts is higher than imports -x
imports > exports -> due to low management of natural resources and


give major -> low they often
unemploymentrate human recenres, buy import goods
*




Statementthen high unemploymentrate by large unemployment
to -
caused

explain



POVERTY Poverty cycle
CYCLE developing low income
people
in capita
countries earn per
low income
most
*
important a
I
for this topic per capita ⑭ low saving - A
producer lack of capital investment -
a lower
productivity.
low level of low level saving -

then suffer from low income
productivity Producer will offer lower wages
to
people
⑭ and this cycle
per capita

low capital & investment*

repeat and continue




LEAST characteristic:



dependency
DEVELOPED A
high rate a
population growth and burden to more children in family


COUNTRIES

(LDC) more people in family, they need more food and job


* excelsive dependence on
agriculture:
4) (don'tknow about ↳s
use old technology machine a
technology) highly dependent on primary products
4 suffer from unfavourable term of trade: export import
formation:suffer from lack of
-> low level a
capital capital - don't have money and machine labour intensive
-




Made By StudyWithA 4 quality of
productlow, productivity, rate of saving a

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Number of pages
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Written in
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Type
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