PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE
EXAM 2025 | 180 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS,100?% CORRECT
ALREADY GRADED A+
1.
Pathophysiology is best described as the study of the functional and structural
changes
that occur in the body as a result of disease processes or injury, rather than normal
physiology.
A. The study of normal physiology
B. The study of body structure only
C. The study of disease mechanisms and effects on function
D. The study of pharmacologic treatments
Answer: C
2.
When cardiac muscle cells increase in size due to an increased workload, such as
in hypertension,
this adaptive response is known as which of the following?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
3.
A patient’s leg muscles enlarge after months of strength training at the gym,
representing a normal physiological adaptation known as which of the following?
,A. Pathologic hypertrophy
B. Physiologic hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
4.
During acute inflammation, redness and heat are observed in the affected tissue.
These symptoms primarily result from which physiological process?
A. Vasoconstriction and decreased capillary permeability
B. Vasodilation and increased blood flow
C. Decreased local metabolism
D. Reduced capillary permeability
Answer: B
5.
A patient with advanced kidney disease develops dangerously high potassium
levels.
This electrolyte disturbance is known as which of the following conditions?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
6.
Cells that are no longer needed or are damaged beyond repair can undergo an
orderly,
energy-dependent process of self-destruction known as what?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
,C. Autolysis
D. Lysis
Answer: B
7.
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to elevate blood glucose levels during
fasting
or in response to low glucose concentrations?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Answer: B
8.
In chronic heart failure, the decreased cardiac output stimulates the body to
compensate
by activating which hormonal system that increases sodium and water retention?
A. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Thyroid hormone system
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide system
Answer: A
9.
A 12-year-old child presents with weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia.
Laboratory testing reveals complete absence of insulin production by pancreatic
beta cells.
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
, C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Metabolic syndrome
Answer: B
10.
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), destruction of alveolar walls
and
permanent enlargement of air spaces occur. This condition is identified as which of
the following?
A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C
11.
A patient presents with jaundice and elevated liver enzyme levels.
Which laboratory tests would most likely confirm hepatocellular injury?
A. Elevated BUN and creatinine
B. Elevated AST and ALT
C. Low hemoglobin
D. Increased potassium
Answer: B
12.
Following exposure to a bee sting, a patient experiences hypotension,
bronchoconstriction,
and widespread vasodilation caused by a massive histamine release. What type of
shock is this?
A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
EXAM 2025 | 180 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS,100?% CORRECT
ALREADY GRADED A+
1.
Pathophysiology is best described as the study of the functional and structural
changes
that occur in the body as a result of disease processes or injury, rather than normal
physiology.
A. The study of normal physiology
B. The study of body structure only
C. The study of disease mechanisms and effects on function
D. The study of pharmacologic treatments
Answer: C
2.
When cardiac muscle cells increase in size due to an increased workload, such as
in hypertension,
this adaptive response is known as which of the following?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Answer: B
3.
A patient’s leg muscles enlarge after months of strength training at the gym,
representing a normal physiological adaptation known as which of the following?
,A. Pathologic hypertrophy
B. Physiologic hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
4.
During acute inflammation, redness and heat are observed in the affected tissue.
These symptoms primarily result from which physiological process?
A. Vasoconstriction and decreased capillary permeability
B. Vasodilation and increased blood flow
C. Decreased local metabolism
D. Reduced capillary permeability
Answer: B
5.
A patient with advanced kidney disease develops dangerously high potassium
levels.
This electrolyte disturbance is known as which of the following conditions?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
6.
Cells that are no longer needed or are damaged beyond repair can undergo an
orderly,
energy-dependent process of self-destruction known as what?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
,C. Autolysis
D. Lysis
Answer: B
7.
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to elevate blood glucose levels during
fasting
or in response to low glucose concentrations?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone
D. Cortisol
Answer: B
8.
In chronic heart failure, the decreased cardiac output stimulates the body to
compensate
by activating which hormonal system that increases sodium and water retention?
A. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Thyroid hormone system
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide system
Answer: A
9.
A 12-year-old child presents with weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia.
Laboratory testing reveals complete absence of insulin production by pancreatic
beta cells.
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
, C. Diabetes insipidus
D. Metabolic syndrome
Answer: B
10.
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), destruction of alveolar walls
and
permanent enlargement of air spaces occur. This condition is identified as which of
the following?
A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C
11.
A patient presents with jaundice and elevated liver enzyme levels.
Which laboratory tests would most likely confirm hepatocellular injury?
A. Elevated BUN and creatinine
B. Elevated AST and ALT
C. Low hemoglobin
D. Increased potassium
Answer: B
12.
Following exposure to a bee sting, a patient experiences hypotension,
bronchoconstriction,
and widespread vasodilation caused by a massive histamine release. What type of
shock is this?
A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
