NR503 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
TESTED AND APPROVED 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE!!!
Week 5 (Ch. 2)
1. Compare and contrast variables that differentiate those categorized at
being at risk for marginalization of health care.
Definition: when an individual or group is put into a position of less power or
isolation within society because of discrimination Limits their opportunities
and means for survival. When an individual is marginalized, they are unable to
access the same services and resources as other people and it becomes very
difficult to have a voice in society.
Marginalization – major cause of vulnerability, which refers to exposure to a
range of possible harms, and being unable to deal with them adequately.
• Variables: social class, race, homelessness, substance abuse,
prison/offending, mental health problems, HIV positive
• Women are more likely to be marginalized than men, because of their
gender. This is evident through the social, economic, and power imbalances that
exist between men and women. For example, more women than men live in
poverty, and men continue to have more secure, full-time
Page 1 of 67
,jobs and higher income than their female counterparts.
• A woman can also be marginalized because on her HIV status, or HIV
risk. She may experience even more stigma if she is also a part of other
marginalized groups in relation to her race or sexual orientation. For example, a
woman is gay and an immigrant may also experience homophobia and
racism.
Those at risk for marginalization of health care include those without shelter in
rural or urban areas, those living in remote parts of the country, families of
lower socioeconomic status, disabled persons, recent immigrants and refugees,
Indigenous populations, and seniors. Adequately identifying and gaining access
to vulnerable communities are essential steps for the health system in order to
recognize and address their unique health needs.
Four dimensions that capture the principal determinants of health
marginalization: residential instability, material deprivation, ethnic
concentration, and dependency.
(FYI: I couldn’t find this information in the text but I found it here
https://ubcmj.med.ubc.ca/marginalization-in- health/)
(online lesson wk 5) Singletone and Krause (2009) have identified the
confounding variables that result in subpar health communication. These
include low health literacy, cultural barriers, and low English proficiency. The
healthcare system is often confusing for individuals who are proficient in
English but are not familiar with healthcare knowledge and terminology. One
can imagine the synergistic effect of having low health literacy in addition to
Page 2 of 67
,having inadequate English skills. The confluence can hinder optimal utilization
of the healthcare system.
(p28)Social determinants of health and inequalities data are areas that APRNs
can also use to inform and guide their practice to develop socioculturally
appropriate interventions. Social determinants that lead to health inequalities are
recognized situations related to where people are born, grow up, work, live,
and the systems of care available to them to deal with illness and disease…..
Examples of social determinants that are related to health inequalities include
poverty, educational level, racism, income, and poor housing. These inequalities
can lead to
poor quality of life, poor self-rated health, multiple morbidities, limited access
to resources, premature death, and unnecessary risks and vulnerabilities.
(p37) Disparities/inequity to be assessed by the following:
• Race/ethnicity
• Gender
• Socioeconomic status
• Disability status
• LGBT status
• Geography
(p40) It is widely recognized now that the social determinants of
Page 3 of 67
, health, such as housing, education, access to public transportation, access to
safe water, access to fresh food, and the built environment, are all related to a
population’s health. In addition to ethnicity, other characteristics also contribute
to the presence of disparities or the achievement of good health such as
gender, sexual orientation, geographic location, working environment,
cognitive, sensory, or physical disability, and socioeconomic status.
2. Discriminate populations at risk for development of chronic health
conditions while associating the role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in levels
of promotion.
Common risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use
Childhood risk: There is now extensive evidence from many countries that
conditions before birth and in early childhood influence health in adult life. For
example, low birth weight is now known to be associated with increased rates of
high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Risk accumulation: Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of
modifiable risks for chronic disease: the impact of risk factors increases over the
life course.
Underlying determinants: The underlying determinants of chronic diseases are a
reflection of the major forces driving social, economic and cultural change –
globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and the general policy
environment.
Page 4 of 67
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
TESTED AND APPROVED 2025/2026 LATEST
UPDATE!!!
Week 5 (Ch. 2)
1. Compare and contrast variables that differentiate those categorized at
being at risk for marginalization of health care.
Definition: when an individual or group is put into a position of less power or
isolation within society because of discrimination Limits their opportunities
and means for survival. When an individual is marginalized, they are unable to
access the same services and resources as other people and it becomes very
difficult to have a voice in society.
Marginalization – major cause of vulnerability, which refers to exposure to a
range of possible harms, and being unable to deal with them adequately.
• Variables: social class, race, homelessness, substance abuse,
prison/offending, mental health problems, HIV positive
• Women are more likely to be marginalized than men, because of their
gender. This is evident through the social, economic, and power imbalances that
exist between men and women. For example, more women than men live in
poverty, and men continue to have more secure, full-time
Page 1 of 67
,jobs and higher income than their female counterparts.
• A woman can also be marginalized because on her HIV status, or HIV
risk. She may experience even more stigma if she is also a part of other
marginalized groups in relation to her race or sexual orientation. For example, a
woman is gay and an immigrant may also experience homophobia and
racism.
Those at risk for marginalization of health care include those without shelter in
rural or urban areas, those living in remote parts of the country, families of
lower socioeconomic status, disabled persons, recent immigrants and refugees,
Indigenous populations, and seniors. Adequately identifying and gaining access
to vulnerable communities are essential steps for the health system in order to
recognize and address their unique health needs.
Four dimensions that capture the principal determinants of health
marginalization: residential instability, material deprivation, ethnic
concentration, and dependency.
(FYI: I couldn’t find this information in the text but I found it here
https://ubcmj.med.ubc.ca/marginalization-in- health/)
(online lesson wk 5) Singletone and Krause (2009) have identified the
confounding variables that result in subpar health communication. These
include low health literacy, cultural barriers, and low English proficiency. The
healthcare system is often confusing for individuals who are proficient in
English but are not familiar with healthcare knowledge and terminology. One
can imagine the synergistic effect of having low health literacy in addition to
Page 2 of 67
,having inadequate English skills. The confluence can hinder optimal utilization
of the healthcare system.
(p28)Social determinants of health and inequalities data are areas that APRNs
can also use to inform and guide their practice to develop socioculturally
appropriate interventions. Social determinants that lead to health inequalities are
recognized situations related to where people are born, grow up, work, live,
and the systems of care available to them to deal with illness and disease…..
Examples of social determinants that are related to health inequalities include
poverty, educational level, racism, income, and poor housing. These inequalities
can lead to
poor quality of life, poor self-rated health, multiple morbidities, limited access
to resources, premature death, and unnecessary risks and vulnerabilities.
(p37) Disparities/inequity to be assessed by the following:
• Race/ethnicity
• Gender
• Socioeconomic status
• Disability status
• LGBT status
• Geography
(p40) It is widely recognized now that the social determinants of
Page 3 of 67
, health, such as housing, education, access to public transportation, access to
safe water, access to fresh food, and the built environment, are all related to a
population’s health. In addition to ethnicity, other characteristics also contribute
to the presence of disparities or the achievement of good health such as
gender, sexual orientation, geographic location, working environment,
cognitive, sensory, or physical disability, and socioeconomic status.
2. Discriminate populations at risk for development of chronic health
conditions while associating the role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in levels
of promotion.
Common risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use
Childhood risk: There is now extensive evidence from many countries that
conditions before birth and in early childhood influence health in adult life. For
example, low birth weight is now known to be associated with increased rates of
high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
Risk accumulation: Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of
modifiable risks for chronic disease: the impact of risk factors increases over the
life course.
Underlying determinants: The underlying determinants of chronic diseases are a
reflection of the major forces driving social, economic and cultural change –
globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and the general policy
environment.
Page 4 of 67
