NCLEX Essentials: Pathophysiology and
Nursing Care Across Body Systems Verified
Questions and Answers
Primary dietary prescription for calcium nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) ? PG. 85 - ✔✔Low calcium diet
For client with nephrolithiasis the diet should be ash - ✔✔Acid
If kidney stone is calcium phosphate the diet must be low in too - ✔✔Phosphorus
Primary diet tx for uric acid nephrolithiasis is - ✔✔Low purine
Client with uric acid nephrolithiasis should have a diet low in - ✔✔Methionine
What is methionine? - ✔✔Precursor of the amino acid cystine
2 foods high in methionine? - ✔✔Eggs, milk
Clients with cystine nephrolithiasis should have an ash diet - ✔✔Alkaline
Inc. fluids over 3000 cc /day is more effective in treating renal calculi than ANY dietary modification,
T/F? - ✔✔True. Want to flush tract than worry about diet
What is the common name for Laryngotracheobronchitis - LTB - ✔✔Croup
What is the typical temp elevation in croup? - ✔✔Low grade, usually below 102, but can go up to 104.
Are ATBs helpful for croup? For epiglottits? - ✔✔For croup, no. Epiglottitis, yes
,Is croup viral or bacterial? - ✔✔Viral
With which condition is croup most often confused? - ✔✔Epiglottitis
Can croup be managed at home? Can epiglottitis be managed at home? - ✔✔Yes. No, epiglottitis is a
911 emergency
Are sedatives used for kids with croup? - ✔✔No, bc this would mask the signs of respiratory distress
What causes epiglottitis? A virus or bacteria? - ✔✔H. influenza BACTERIA
What is the best tx for croup? - ✔✔Cool moist air
What should never be done to a child with epiglottitis? - ✔✔Never put anything in the child's mouth, ie,
a tongue blade can lead to obstruction
What are the typical signs and symptoms of croup? - ✔✔Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, labored
resp. pattern
What 3 signs tell you that the child has epiglottitis instead of croup? - ✔✔Muffled voice, drooling,
increased fever
When is croup bad enough to be evaluated by a doc? - ✔✔When retractions, and high pitched stridor
are present
What lead level needs intervention? - ✔✔50-60 micrograms/ dl
With which class of drugs will a child with lead poisoning be treated? - ✔✔Chelating agents
,What do chelating drugs do? - ✔✔They increase the excretion of heavy metals
The most freq. cause of lead poisoning is... - ✔✔Ingestion of lead-based paint chips
Name 3 common chelating agents for lead poisoning - ✔✔EDTA, desferal, BAL in oil
S&S of lead poisoning - ✔✔Drowsiness, clumsiness, ataxia, seizures, coma, resp. arrest
Sx of lead poisoning show up in the system - ✔✔Neuro
Leukemia is cancer of the forming tissues - ✔✔Blood
The type of cell that is most common and problematic in leukemia is - ✔✔Immature WBC
In leukemia the RBC count is ... - ✔✔Low, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all those
immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
In leukemia, the platelet count is ... - ✔✔Low, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all those
immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
Bc the RBCs are low, the pt will exhibit and - ✔✔Pallor and fatigue
Bc of the immature WBCs, the pt is at risk for - ✔✔Infection
Bc of low platelets, the pt is at risk for , , and - ✔✔Bruising, ecchymosis, bleeding, petechiae
What causes lymph gland enlargement in leukemia? - ✔✔All those small immature WBC clog the lymph
system
, Should you take a rectal temp on a child with leukemia? - ✔✔No
Should you take an oral temp on a child with leukemia? - ✔✔Yes, as long as they are over 4 years old, in
remission, and have no sores in their mouth
Should the child with active leukemia use straws, forks, cups? - ✔✔NO straws, NO forks, YES cups
RN's priority in tx a child with newly diagnosed leukemia is... - ✔✔Dec. risk of infection
When the leukemia child's platelets and WBC's are low, his activities should be ... - ✔✔Limited
When the platelet and WBCs are low the nurse should not insert a.. - ✔✔Suppository
Are IM injections and IV sticks permitted on a child with leukemia? - ✔✔When labs are low IMs avoided
and IVs limited; only done when absolutely necessary (to give chemo or measure blood counts)
Why are kids on chemo also on allopurinol - ✔✔To prevent uric acid kidney stones (remember when
chemo kills cancer cells, purines and uric acid build up and could cause kidney stones
Why do some kids with leukemia have joint pain? - ✔✔The immature WBCs infiltrate the joint and cause
inflammation
Why is a child with leukemia at risk for neuro sx due to ICP - ✔✔The immature WBCs infiltrate the brain
and cause inflammation
What is alopecia? - ✔✔Hair loss
If the platelet count is low what drug should the child not take? - ✔✔Aspirin
Nursing Care Across Body Systems Verified
Questions and Answers
Primary dietary prescription for calcium nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) ? PG. 85 - ✔✔Low calcium diet
For client with nephrolithiasis the diet should be ash - ✔✔Acid
If kidney stone is calcium phosphate the diet must be low in too - ✔✔Phosphorus
Primary diet tx for uric acid nephrolithiasis is - ✔✔Low purine
Client with uric acid nephrolithiasis should have a diet low in - ✔✔Methionine
What is methionine? - ✔✔Precursor of the amino acid cystine
2 foods high in methionine? - ✔✔Eggs, milk
Clients with cystine nephrolithiasis should have an ash diet - ✔✔Alkaline
Inc. fluids over 3000 cc /day is more effective in treating renal calculi than ANY dietary modification,
T/F? - ✔✔True. Want to flush tract than worry about diet
What is the common name for Laryngotracheobronchitis - LTB - ✔✔Croup
What is the typical temp elevation in croup? - ✔✔Low grade, usually below 102, but can go up to 104.
Are ATBs helpful for croup? For epiglottits? - ✔✔For croup, no. Epiglottitis, yes
,Is croup viral or bacterial? - ✔✔Viral
With which condition is croup most often confused? - ✔✔Epiglottitis
Can croup be managed at home? Can epiglottitis be managed at home? - ✔✔Yes. No, epiglottitis is a
911 emergency
Are sedatives used for kids with croup? - ✔✔No, bc this would mask the signs of respiratory distress
What causes epiglottitis? A virus or bacteria? - ✔✔H. influenza BACTERIA
What is the best tx for croup? - ✔✔Cool moist air
What should never be done to a child with epiglottitis? - ✔✔Never put anything in the child's mouth, ie,
a tongue blade can lead to obstruction
What are the typical signs and symptoms of croup? - ✔✔Barking cough, inspiratory stridor, labored
resp. pattern
What 3 signs tell you that the child has epiglottitis instead of croup? - ✔✔Muffled voice, drooling,
increased fever
When is croup bad enough to be evaluated by a doc? - ✔✔When retractions, and high pitched stridor
are present
What lead level needs intervention? - ✔✔50-60 micrograms/ dl
With which class of drugs will a child with lead poisoning be treated? - ✔✔Chelating agents
,What do chelating drugs do? - ✔✔They increase the excretion of heavy metals
The most freq. cause of lead poisoning is... - ✔✔Ingestion of lead-based paint chips
Name 3 common chelating agents for lead poisoning - ✔✔EDTA, desferal, BAL in oil
S&S of lead poisoning - ✔✔Drowsiness, clumsiness, ataxia, seizures, coma, resp. arrest
Sx of lead poisoning show up in the system - ✔✔Neuro
Leukemia is cancer of the forming tissues - ✔✔Blood
The type of cell that is most common and problematic in leukemia is - ✔✔Immature WBC
In leukemia the RBC count is ... - ✔✔Low, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all those
immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
In leukemia, the platelet count is ... - ✔✔Low, bc the bone marrow is going "wild" producing all those
immature WBC - no energy or nutrients to make platelets
Bc the RBCs are low, the pt will exhibit and - ✔✔Pallor and fatigue
Bc of the immature WBCs, the pt is at risk for - ✔✔Infection
Bc of low platelets, the pt is at risk for , , and - ✔✔Bruising, ecchymosis, bleeding, petechiae
What causes lymph gland enlargement in leukemia? - ✔✔All those small immature WBC clog the lymph
system
, Should you take a rectal temp on a child with leukemia? - ✔✔No
Should you take an oral temp on a child with leukemia? - ✔✔Yes, as long as they are over 4 years old, in
remission, and have no sores in their mouth
Should the child with active leukemia use straws, forks, cups? - ✔✔NO straws, NO forks, YES cups
RN's priority in tx a child with newly diagnosed leukemia is... - ✔✔Dec. risk of infection
When the leukemia child's platelets and WBC's are low, his activities should be ... - ✔✔Limited
When the platelet and WBCs are low the nurse should not insert a.. - ✔✔Suppository
Are IM injections and IV sticks permitted on a child with leukemia? - ✔✔When labs are low IMs avoided
and IVs limited; only done when absolutely necessary (to give chemo or measure blood counts)
Why are kids on chemo also on allopurinol - ✔✔To prevent uric acid kidney stones (remember when
chemo kills cancer cells, purines and uric acid build up and could cause kidney stones
Why do some kids with leukemia have joint pain? - ✔✔The immature WBCs infiltrate the joint and cause
inflammation
Why is a child with leukemia at risk for neuro sx due to ICP - ✔✔The immature WBCs infiltrate the brain
and cause inflammation
What is alopecia? - ✔✔Hair loss
If the platelet count is low what drug should the child not take? - ✔✔Aspirin
