PSYC 1001 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Language is defined as
a) a set of symbols used to communicate.
b) a system of symbols and rules for combining the symbols.
c) a communicative system that is used to convey one's thoughts or feelings.
d) a written or verbal expression or thought. - Answer -A set of symbols used to
communicate.
Rocco's parrot, Kiwi, can say about 50 words and phrases. Based on the discussion in
your textbook, does Kiwi have language? Why or why NOT?
a) Yes, because Kiwi has learned enough words to communicate.
b) Yes, if he has learned some phrases he can generate speech.
c) Yes, because he is obviously able to express his thoughts.
d) No, there is more to language than mimicking words and phrases. - Answer -No,
there is more to language than mimicking words and phrases.
How many phonemes does the English language have?
a) approximately 30
b) exactly 26
c) approximately 40
d) approximately 50 - Answer -Approximately 40
When linguists and psychologists say that language is "generative," they mean that it is
a) creative.
b) innate.
c) complex.
d) symbolic. - Answer -Creative
Which element of language below is matched with the most appropriate area of
language study?
a) -ing - semantics
b) /k/ - syntax
c) Melody stirred cream into her coffee - phonology
d) desk - morphology - Answer -Desk- morphology
"Sophie kitty," Tara says, when her aunt asks her whether the stuffed animal belongs to
her or to her sister. Tara's reply explains that the cat belongs to her sister and
exemplifies ___speech.
a) telegraphic
b) holographic
c) idiographic
d) agrammatic - Answer -Telegraphic speech
,Which of the following statements best captures your text's theoretical interpretation of
child-directed speech?
a) Child-directed speech arises automatically, showing that we are biologically
predisposed to structure the environment to aid children's language learning. In this
way, child-directed speech is good evidence for an interactive perspective on language
development.
b) Child-directed speech shows that we structure the environment to aid children's
language development, thereby supporting the learning view of language acquisition.
c) Child-directed speech arises automatically, pointing to the biological basis of
language development.
d) Child-directed speech is universal, appearing even among deaf parents using sign
language. This suggests the biological basis of language development - Answer -Child-
directed speech arises automatically, showing that we are biologically predisposed to
structure the environment to aid children's language learning. In this way, child-directed
speech is good evidence for an interactive perspective on language development.
As a beginning driver, Wafaa had to think consciously about the process as she
negotiated traffic; now, however, driving has become second nature for her. Whereas
driving initially demanded ___ processing, it now reflects ___ processing.
a) implicit; explicit
b) automatic; controlled
c) controlled; automatic
d) explicit; implicit - Answer -Controlled; automatic
The difference between an algorithm and a heuristic is that an algorithm is ___,
whereas a heuristic is ___.
a) fast and always correct; slow and sometimes correct
b) a shortcut; meticulous and methodical
c) methodical and always correct; fast and may lead to an incorrect solution
d) not the path to a correct solution; always the path to a correct solution - Answer -
Methodical and always correct; fast and may lead to an incorrect solution
Tamar is trying to resolve an ongoing conflict with her girlfriend. She recalls a
comparable situation with one of her exes and attempts to solve her current problem in
the same way. To solve her problem, Tamar is
a) using an analogy.
b) trying incubation.
c) relying on automatic processing.
d) using an algorithm - Answer -Using an analogy
Dr. Rabias has been conducting a research study. He asked participants to complete a
very long questionnaire and is now analyzing the data. He wants to determine whether
different
items on the test correlate with each other, and fall into clusters or sets. Dr. Rabias will
likely be using a ___.
a) specific factor analysis
,b) general factor analysis
c) factor analysis
d) t-test factor analysis - Answer -Factor analysis
Which of the following lists belongs with Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities?
a) musical, mathematical, and interpersonal
b) analytical, creative, and practical
c) verbal comprehension, numerical ability, and reasoning
d) potential abilities, environmental context, and internal motivation - Answer -Verbal
comprehension, numerical ability, and reasoning
Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's eight types of intelligence?
a) musical
b) spatial
c) linguistic
d) analytic - Answer -Analytic
Four-year-old Jimmy tells you he "runned fast but falled down." Jimmy's speech
exemplifies___; your text suggests that such errors provide evidence for the role of ___
in language development.
a) overregularization; biology
b) overregularization; learning
c) agrammaticism; biology
d) agrammaticism; learning - Answer -Overregularization; learning
According to the strict version of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, what would you
predict about the musical abilities of someone who spoke a language that only had two
words for different pitches, high and low?
a) They would have superior musical abilities.
b) They would have an easier time discriminating different pitches of sound.
c) They wouldn't be able to discriminate different pitches of sound.
d) They would only be able to discriminate those pitches that appear in their native
language,but not extremely high or low pitches that are not part of their native language.
- Answer -They wouldn't be able to discriminate different pitches of sound
Horst just got rejected when he proposed marriage to his girlfriend because she wants
to get her degree first before getting engaged. Although he respects her point of view,
he is heartbroken, and can't help feeling empty and alone inside. Not wanting her to feel
bad for him,he hides his feelings, puts a smile on his face, and agrees to wait until they
both graduate before they discuss marriage again. What aspect of intelligence is Horst
demonstrating by being able to put on that smile?
a) emotional intelligence
b) social intelligence
c) creativity
d) wisdom - Answer -Emotional intelligence
, Jayesh has just created a new intelligence test. As soon as he is finished designing the
test he administers it to a classroom of 300 introductory psychology students and gives
them each a score. How meaningful are the scores that Jayesh gives the students?
a) Meaningful; because he administered it to the entire class the scores can be
compared to each other.
b) Meaningful; because there were probably people of different ethnic origins in the
class so, the scores can be assumed to function the same among different people, and
the test is standardized.
c) Not meaningful; because there were probably people of different ethnic origins in the
class, a different scoring system must be used for each ethnic group.
d) Not meaningful; a test would have to be administered to many more people and
many people from different ethnic origins before it could be considered standardized -
Answer -Not meaningful; a test would have to be administered to many more people
and many people from different ethnic origins before it could be considered
standardized
Omar took a personality test and it said he was extraverted. His family was surprised by
this result, so he took the test again. This time, the same test said that he was
introverted. What is the problem with the personality test that Omar took?
a) It has low predictive validity.
b) It has low reliability.
c) It has low standardization.
d) It has inappropriate norms. - Answer -It had low reliability
Julianne is taking part in a research study in which she must complete a spatial task.
Before she begins, the researcher tells her NOT to feel bad if she doesn't do well
because females tend to have poorer spatial ability than males. How will Julianne do on
the task relative to other participants who are NOT told this?
a) Julianne will do better as she will perceive it as a challenge.
b) Julianne will do worse due to stereotype vulnerability.
c) Julianne will do better than other females, so she can prove the researcher wrong.
d) Julianne will do better than males due to stereotype vulnerability - Answer -Julianne
will do worse due to stereotype vulnerability
When researchers say that the heritability of intelligence is 50%, they mean that
a) about half of a person's intelligence is due to genetic factors.
b) genetics and environment are equally important in determining intelligence.
c) 50% of the variation in a population's IQ scores is due to genetics.
d) half of the population lies within the normal range for intelligence. - Answer -50% of
the variation in a population's IQ scores is due to genetics
Researchers have found that the scores of adopted children are moderately related to
the scores of their adoptive parents (+.19) and moderately related to the scores of their
biological parents. Based on these findings, your textbook suggests that the most
appropriate interpretation would be that
Language is defined as
a) a set of symbols used to communicate.
b) a system of symbols and rules for combining the symbols.
c) a communicative system that is used to convey one's thoughts or feelings.
d) a written or verbal expression or thought. - Answer -A set of symbols used to
communicate.
Rocco's parrot, Kiwi, can say about 50 words and phrases. Based on the discussion in
your textbook, does Kiwi have language? Why or why NOT?
a) Yes, because Kiwi has learned enough words to communicate.
b) Yes, if he has learned some phrases he can generate speech.
c) Yes, because he is obviously able to express his thoughts.
d) No, there is more to language than mimicking words and phrases. - Answer -No,
there is more to language than mimicking words and phrases.
How many phonemes does the English language have?
a) approximately 30
b) exactly 26
c) approximately 40
d) approximately 50 - Answer -Approximately 40
When linguists and psychologists say that language is "generative," they mean that it is
a) creative.
b) innate.
c) complex.
d) symbolic. - Answer -Creative
Which element of language below is matched with the most appropriate area of
language study?
a) -ing - semantics
b) /k/ - syntax
c) Melody stirred cream into her coffee - phonology
d) desk - morphology - Answer -Desk- morphology
"Sophie kitty," Tara says, when her aunt asks her whether the stuffed animal belongs to
her or to her sister. Tara's reply explains that the cat belongs to her sister and
exemplifies ___speech.
a) telegraphic
b) holographic
c) idiographic
d) agrammatic - Answer -Telegraphic speech
,Which of the following statements best captures your text's theoretical interpretation of
child-directed speech?
a) Child-directed speech arises automatically, showing that we are biologically
predisposed to structure the environment to aid children's language learning. In this
way, child-directed speech is good evidence for an interactive perspective on language
development.
b) Child-directed speech shows that we structure the environment to aid children's
language development, thereby supporting the learning view of language acquisition.
c) Child-directed speech arises automatically, pointing to the biological basis of
language development.
d) Child-directed speech is universal, appearing even among deaf parents using sign
language. This suggests the biological basis of language development - Answer -Child-
directed speech arises automatically, showing that we are biologically predisposed to
structure the environment to aid children's language learning. In this way, child-directed
speech is good evidence for an interactive perspective on language development.
As a beginning driver, Wafaa had to think consciously about the process as she
negotiated traffic; now, however, driving has become second nature for her. Whereas
driving initially demanded ___ processing, it now reflects ___ processing.
a) implicit; explicit
b) automatic; controlled
c) controlled; automatic
d) explicit; implicit - Answer -Controlled; automatic
The difference between an algorithm and a heuristic is that an algorithm is ___,
whereas a heuristic is ___.
a) fast and always correct; slow and sometimes correct
b) a shortcut; meticulous and methodical
c) methodical and always correct; fast and may lead to an incorrect solution
d) not the path to a correct solution; always the path to a correct solution - Answer -
Methodical and always correct; fast and may lead to an incorrect solution
Tamar is trying to resolve an ongoing conflict with her girlfriend. She recalls a
comparable situation with one of her exes and attempts to solve her current problem in
the same way. To solve her problem, Tamar is
a) using an analogy.
b) trying incubation.
c) relying on automatic processing.
d) using an algorithm - Answer -Using an analogy
Dr. Rabias has been conducting a research study. He asked participants to complete a
very long questionnaire and is now analyzing the data. He wants to determine whether
different
items on the test correlate with each other, and fall into clusters or sets. Dr. Rabias will
likely be using a ___.
a) specific factor analysis
,b) general factor analysis
c) factor analysis
d) t-test factor analysis - Answer -Factor analysis
Which of the following lists belongs with Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities?
a) musical, mathematical, and interpersonal
b) analytical, creative, and practical
c) verbal comprehension, numerical ability, and reasoning
d) potential abilities, environmental context, and internal motivation - Answer -Verbal
comprehension, numerical ability, and reasoning
Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's eight types of intelligence?
a) musical
b) spatial
c) linguistic
d) analytic - Answer -Analytic
Four-year-old Jimmy tells you he "runned fast but falled down." Jimmy's speech
exemplifies___; your text suggests that such errors provide evidence for the role of ___
in language development.
a) overregularization; biology
b) overregularization; learning
c) agrammaticism; biology
d) agrammaticism; learning - Answer -Overregularization; learning
According to the strict version of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, what would you
predict about the musical abilities of someone who spoke a language that only had two
words for different pitches, high and low?
a) They would have superior musical abilities.
b) They would have an easier time discriminating different pitches of sound.
c) They wouldn't be able to discriminate different pitches of sound.
d) They would only be able to discriminate those pitches that appear in their native
language,but not extremely high or low pitches that are not part of their native language.
- Answer -They wouldn't be able to discriminate different pitches of sound
Horst just got rejected when he proposed marriage to his girlfriend because she wants
to get her degree first before getting engaged. Although he respects her point of view,
he is heartbroken, and can't help feeling empty and alone inside. Not wanting her to feel
bad for him,he hides his feelings, puts a smile on his face, and agrees to wait until they
both graduate before they discuss marriage again. What aspect of intelligence is Horst
demonstrating by being able to put on that smile?
a) emotional intelligence
b) social intelligence
c) creativity
d) wisdom - Answer -Emotional intelligence
, Jayesh has just created a new intelligence test. As soon as he is finished designing the
test he administers it to a classroom of 300 introductory psychology students and gives
them each a score. How meaningful are the scores that Jayesh gives the students?
a) Meaningful; because he administered it to the entire class the scores can be
compared to each other.
b) Meaningful; because there were probably people of different ethnic origins in the
class so, the scores can be assumed to function the same among different people, and
the test is standardized.
c) Not meaningful; because there were probably people of different ethnic origins in the
class, a different scoring system must be used for each ethnic group.
d) Not meaningful; a test would have to be administered to many more people and
many people from different ethnic origins before it could be considered standardized -
Answer -Not meaningful; a test would have to be administered to many more people
and many people from different ethnic origins before it could be considered
standardized
Omar took a personality test and it said he was extraverted. His family was surprised by
this result, so he took the test again. This time, the same test said that he was
introverted. What is the problem with the personality test that Omar took?
a) It has low predictive validity.
b) It has low reliability.
c) It has low standardization.
d) It has inappropriate norms. - Answer -It had low reliability
Julianne is taking part in a research study in which she must complete a spatial task.
Before she begins, the researcher tells her NOT to feel bad if she doesn't do well
because females tend to have poorer spatial ability than males. How will Julianne do on
the task relative to other participants who are NOT told this?
a) Julianne will do better as she will perceive it as a challenge.
b) Julianne will do worse due to stereotype vulnerability.
c) Julianne will do better than other females, so she can prove the researcher wrong.
d) Julianne will do better than males due to stereotype vulnerability - Answer -Julianne
will do worse due to stereotype vulnerability
When researchers say that the heritability of intelligence is 50%, they mean that
a) about half of a person's intelligence is due to genetic factors.
b) genetics and environment are equally important in determining intelligence.
c) 50% of the variation in a population's IQ scores is due to genetics.
d) half of the population lies within the normal range for intelligence. - Answer -50% of
the variation in a population's IQ scores is due to genetics
Researchers have found that the scores of adopted children are moderately related to
the scores of their adoptive parents (+.19) and moderately related to the scores of their
biological parents. Based on these findings, your textbook suggests that the most
appropriate interpretation would be that
