VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Aseptic Technique - (ANSWER)all of the steps taken to prevent contamination of a surgical site (used to
prevent sepsis)
Sepsis - (ANSWER)infection via contamination, or in the blood stream, the presence of pathogens or
other toxic agents
Asepsis - (ANSWER)the absence of infection, or pathogens, and resulting diseases
Sterile - (ANSWER)absence of all microbes
sterilization - (ANSWER)the process by which items are rendered aseptic by the removal of all microbes
Disinfectant - (ANSWER)this includes bleach, Lysol, and similar products
disinfectants must only be used on inanimate objects
never used on a patient
Pathogen - (ANSWER)Any micro-organisms capable of causing a disease
Inflammation - (ANSWER)swelling of tissues normally accompanied by pain
Disease - (ANSWER)any invasion by a pathogen that interferes with an animal's normal function
Bactericidal - (ANSWER)kills bacteria
Protozoan - (ANSWER)single celled organism, microscopic
These pathogens are usually found in the intestinal tract of their host and are not usually fatal
They will cause diarrhea that often contains spots of blood and lots of mucous
1
, VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Life cycle of a Protozoan - (ANSWER)CYST stage beginning stage that is very difficult to kill
TROPHOZOITE stage where they are mobile and still hard to kill
Fungi - (ANSWER)a non-chlorophyll bearing plant-like organism
divided into two categories YEAST and MOLD
they use live animals as their host and can be fatal if inhaled
Bacteria - (ANSWER)unicellular organism
that can be resistant to anti-infective agents
can survive in a variety of enviroments
two kinds AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC
Rickettsiae - (ANSWER)a group of microbes that must live inside the cells of their host
transmitted via a vector and can be serious or even deadly to animals and humans
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
(Rickettsia Rickettsii) - (ANSWER)Transmitted via Ticks
causes fever,depression, anorexia, lymphadenopathy , coughing, dyspnea,abdominal pain, edema on
face or extremities
treatment of choice is Doxycycline
Chlamydia - (ANSWER)similar to rickettsiae, but not necessarily spread via a vector
There are several forms of it
It is a deadly microbe that can cause diseases such as Cat Scratch Fever and Feline pneumonia
2
, VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Viruses - (ANSWER)Microscopic infectious agent
reproduce inside a host cell
some viruses can cause life-long or chronic infections
the viruses continue to replicate in the body despite the host's defense mechanisms
Goals of controlling pathogens and microbes - (ANSWER)eliminate source of disease
increase host ability to resist disease
prevent transmission of disease
Incineration - (ANSWER)sharps containers are destroyed by burning the container and it's entire
contents at very high temperatures
Autoclave - (ANSWER)most common method of sterilization
water is boiled under pressure
this method is capable of eliminating pathogens, encapsulated or spread microbes
most commonly used for instruments and gown packs and some plastic items
250 °F for 30 minutes
use both indicator strip and indicator tape
Autoclave procedure - (ANSWER)wrap packs securely with an indicator strip inside
tape open ends with autoclave tape
stack loosley in autoclave
Delicate instruments like titanium orthopedic bone drilling bits should - (ANSWER)not be autoclaved as
they damage easily become dull or rusted by the heat and stream
Ethylene Oxide (ETO) - (ANSWER)cold sterilization technique
3
, VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
very toxic and carcinogenic
irritating to lung tissue
works by deactivating the DNA in the cells of the pathogen
good for 90 days
after using this method items should be aired out in well ventilated area for 24 hours
used on ET tube, delicate instruments, anesthetic supplies, drills, drillbits and laparoscopes
Radiation - (ANSWER)used in industrial locations
method sterilizes using gamma radiation
most prepackaged items such as syringes, needles, catheters, and suture are sterilized this way and then
shipped out to hospitals and clinics
ultrasonic cleansing baths - (ANSWER)used to soak instruments after they have been rinsed of large
debris
Cidex - (ANSWER)a form of cold chemical sterilization for delicate arthroscopic scopes and other items
not used as often as ETO
Nolvasan or roccal - (ANSWER)used to sterilize some scopes and other items used only in minor
procedures but is not guaranteed asepsis
scalpel handle #3 - (ANSWER)used mostly for small animal sx (dogs and cats)
scalpel handle #4 - (ANSWER)used mostly in large animal sx (horses and cows)
scalpel handle #7 or beaver - (ANSWER)used for ophthalmic sx
4
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Aseptic Technique - (ANSWER)all of the steps taken to prevent contamination of a surgical site (used to
prevent sepsis)
Sepsis - (ANSWER)infection via contamination, or in the blood stream, the presence of pathogens or
other toxic agents
Asepsis - (ANSWER)the absence of infection, or pathogens, and resulting diseases
Sterile - (ANSWER)absence of all microbes
sterilization - (ANSWER)the process by which items are rendered aseptic by the removal of all microbes
Disinfectant - (ANSWER)this includes bleach, Lysol, and similar products
disinfectants must only be used on inanimate objects
never used on a patient
Pathogen - (ANSWER)Any micro-organisms capable of causing a disease
Inflammation - (ANSWER)swelling of tissues normally accompanied by pain
Disease - (ANSWER)any invasion by a pathogen that interferes with an animal's normal function
Bactericidal - (ANSWER)kills bacteria
Protozoan - (ANSWER)single celled organism, microscopic
These pathogens are usually found in the intestinal tract of their host and are not usually fatal
They will cause diarrhea that often contains spots of blood and lots of mucous
1
, VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Life cycle of a Protozoan - (ANSWER)CYST stage beginning stage that is very difficult to kill
TROPHOZOITE stage where they are mobile and still hard to kill
Fungi - (ANSWER)a non-chlorophyll bearing plant-like organism
divided into two categories YEAST and MOLD
they use live animals as their host and can be fatal if inhaled
Bacteria - (ANSWER)unicellular organism
that can be resistant to anti-infective agents
can survive in a variety of enviroments
two kinds AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC
Rickettsiae - (ANSWER)a group of microbes that must live inside the cells of their host
transmitted via a vector and can be serious or even deadly to animals and humans
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
(Rickettsia Rickettsii) - (ANSWER)Transmitted via Ticks
causes fever,depression, anorexia, lymphadenopathy , coughing, dyspnea,abdominal pain, edema on
face or extremities
treatment of choice is Doxycycline
Chlamydia - (ANSWER)similar to rickettsiae, but not necessarily spread via a vector
There are several forms of it
It is a deadly microbe that can cause diseases such as Cat Scratch Fever and Feline pneumonia
2
, VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
Viruses - (ANSWER)Microscopic infectious agent
reproduce inside a host cell
some viruses can cause life-long or chronic infections
the viruses continue to replicate in the body despite the host's defense mechanisms
Goals of controlling pathogens and microbes - (ANSWER)eliminate source of disease
increase host ability to resist disease
prevent transmission of disease
Incineration - (ANSWER)sharps containers are destroyed by burning the container and it's entire
contents at very high temperatures
Autoclave - (ANSWER)most common method of sterilization
water is boiled under pressure
this method is capable of eliminating pathogens, encapsulated or spread microbes
most commonly used for instruments and gown packs and some plastic items
250 °F for 30 minutes
use both indicator strip and indicator tape
Autoclave procedure - (ANSWER)wrap packs securely with an indicator strip inside
tape open ends with autoclave tape
stack loosley in autoclave
Delicate instruments like titanium orthopedic bone drilling bits should - (ANSWER)not be autoclaved as
they damage easily become dull or rusted by the heat and stream
Ethylene Oxide (ETO) - (ANSWER)cold sterilization technique
3
, VTNE ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ GUARANTEED 100% PASS
very toxic and carcinogenic
irritating to lung tissue
works by deactivating the DNA in the cells of the pathogen
good for 90 days
after using this method items should be aired out in well ventilated area for 24 hours
used on ET tube, delicate instruments, anesthetic supplies, drills, drillbits and laparoscopes
Radiation - (ANSWER)used in industrial locations
method sterilizes using gamma radiation
most prepackaged items such as syringes, needles, catheters, and suture are sterilized this way and then
shipped out to hospitals and clinics
ultrasonic cleansing baths - (ANSWER)used to soak instruments after they have been rinsed of large
debris
Cidex - (ANSWER)a form of cold chemical sterilization for delicate arthroscopic scopes and other items
not used as often as ETO
Nolvasan or roccal - (ANSWER)used to sterilize some scopes and other items used only in minor
procedures but is not guaranteed asepsis
scalpel handle #3 - (ANSWER)used mostly for small animal sx (dogs and cats)
scalpel handle #4 - (ANSWER)used mostly in large animal sx (horses and cows)
scalpel handle #7 or beaver - (ANSWER)used for ophthalmic sx
4
