CRJ 320 EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Courts - ANSWER-an institution of the government set up for settling disputes by
providing a forum of obtaining justice and resolving disputes through the application of
legal rules and principles
Adjudication - ANSWER-to hear and settle a case by judicial procedure
Oversight - ANSWER-an important function of courts, particularly appellate courts. The
process of reviewing decisions of lower courts and of criminal justice officials to ensure
that proper procedures were followed and that neither laws nor constitutional provisions
were violated
Personal Jurisdiction - ANSWER-the authority of a court over a person, or defendant. A
court may have personal jurisdiction over a person if that person comes in contact with
the court, either by being a citizen of the state of by committing an act within a state
Subject Matter Jurisdiction - ANSWER-the authority of a court to hear a particular type
of case
Geographical Jurisdiction - ANSWER-occurs when courts have the authority to hear
cases that arise within specific geographical boundaries
Original Jurisdiction - ANSWER-occurs when a court has the authority to hear a case
because the case originates within that court. This is almost always the trial court,
because this is where the case begin
Appellate Jurisdiction - ANSWER-occurs when courts are tasked with reviewing trial
court decisions
Three tiers of federal court system - ANSWER-U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of
Appeals, U.S. Supreme Court
Three tiers of state court system - ANSWER-Courts of Limited Jurisdiction/General
Jurisdiction, Appellate Courts, and State Supreme Courts
Tasks the judge is involved in for criminal case processing - ANSWER-decide whether
bail is required, whether there is sufficient evidence to hold the defendant for trial, and
whether pretrial motions should be granted.
Maintaining order in the courtroom and deciding to sustain or overrule objections
Bench Trials - ANSWER-a trial in which a judge, rather than a jury, renders a decision
, Judicial Selection Methods - ANSWER-Appointment, Elections, and Merit System
Tasks the prosecutor is involved in for criminal case processing - ANSWER-bring
criminal charges against individual who are accused of crime and to represent
government's interest in court
Vertical prosecution - ANSWER-one prosecutor is assigned responsibility for a case
from intake to appeal
Understand the differences between criminal law and civil law - ANSWER-Criminal
(public:
Beyond a reasonable doubt, parties, constitutional rights, liberty/justice
Civil (private):
preponderance of evidence, parties, many rights do not apply, monetary
Know the different standards of proof and when they apply to criminal case processing -
ANSWER-Burden of Proof:
Reasonable suspicion -> probable cause -> by a preponderance -> clear -> convicting
evidence -? beyond a reasonable doubt
Understand the difference between substantive law and procedural law - ANSWER-
Substantive: set sanctions
Procedural law: case going to trial
Horizontal prosecution - ANSWER-prosecutors are assigned to specific functions, such
as initial appearance, charging, preliminary hearing, grand jury, trial, or appeal
Tasks the defense attorney is involved in for criminal case processing - ANSWER-
protect rights, maintain innocence, get best deal, due process is followed, responsibility
to challenge prosecutor's case
client understanding the process, meeting with prosecutor to discuss case, contact
client, file motions, plea negotiations, investigate crime, justification/excuse, trial rep
Impact of Gideon v Wainwright - ANSWER-required states the appointment of counsel
for all indigent defendants in criminal cases
Types of Defense Attorneys - ANSWER-Private, Public Defenders, Assigned Counsel,
and Contract System
Jurors - ANSWER-decide whether those charged with crimes are guilty and in some
jurisdiction, what sentence should be if the defendant is convicted
Bailiff - ANSWER-usually a law enforcement officer whose job is to maintain order in the
courtroom ad transport incarcerated defendants to and from court proceedings
AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Courts - ANSWER-an institution of the government set up for settling disputes by
providing a forum of obtaining justice and resolving disputes through the application of
legal rules and principles
Adjudication - ANSWER-to hear and settle a case by judicial procedure
Oversight - ANSWER-an important function of courts, particularly appellate courts. The
process of reviewing decisions of lower courts and of criminal justice officials to ensure
that proper procedures were followed and that neither laws nor constitutional provisions
were violated
Personal Jurisdiction - ANSWER-the authority of a court over a person, or defendant. A
court may have personal jurisdiction over a person if that person comes in contact with
the court, either by being a citizen of the state of by committing an act within a state
Subject Matter Jurisdiction - ANSWER-the authority of a court to hear a particular type
of case
Geographical Jurisdiction - ANSWER-occurs when courts have the authority to hear
cases that arise within specific geographical boundaries
Original Jurisdiction - ANSWER-occurs when a court has the authority to hear a case
because the case originates within that court. This is almost always the trial court,
because this is where the case begin
Appellate Jurisdiction - ANSWER-occurs when courts are tasked with reviewing trial
court decisions
Three tiers of federal court system - ANSWER-U.S. District Courts, U.S. Court of
Appeals, U.S. Supreme Court
Three tiers of state court system - ANSWER-Courts of Limited Jurisdiction/General
Jurisdiction, Appellate Courts, and State Supreme Courts
Tasks the judge is involved in for criminal case processing - ANSWER-decide whether
bail is required, whether there is sufficient evidence to hold the defendant for trial, and
whether pretrial motions should be granted.
Maintaining order in the courtroom and deciding to sustain or overrule objections
Bench Trials - ANSWER-a trial in which a judge, rather than a jury, renders a decision
, Judicial Selection Methods - ANSWER-Appointment, Elections, and Merit System
Tasks the prosecutor is involved in for criminal case processing - ANSWER-bring
criminal charges against individual who are accused of crime and to represent
government's interest in court
Vertical prosecution - ANSWER-one prosecutor is assigned responsibility for a case
from intake to appeal
Understand the differences between criminal law and civil law - ANSWER-Criminal
(public:
Beyond a reasonable doubt, parties, constitutional rights, liberty/justice
Civil (private):
preponderance of evidence, parties, many rights do not apply, monetary
Know the different standards of proof and when they apply to criminal case processing -
ANSWER-Burden of Proof:
Reasonable suspicion -> probable cause -> by a preponderance -> clear -> convicting
evidence -? beyond a reasonable doubt
Understand the difference between substantive law and procedural law - ANSWER-
Substantive: set sanctions
Procedural law: case going to trial
Horizontal prosecution - ANSWER-prosecutors are assigned to specific functions, such
as initial appearance, charging, preliminary hearing, grand jury, trial, or appeal
Tasks the defense attorney is involved in for criminal case processing - ANSWER-
protect rights, maintain innocence, get best deal, due process is followed, responsibility
to challenge prosecutor's case
client understanding the process, meeting with prosecutor to discuss case, contact
client, file motions, plea negotiations, investigate crime, justification/excuse, trial rep
Impact of Gideon v Wainwright - ANSWER-required states the appointment of counsel
for all indigent defendants in criminal cases
Types of Defense Attorneys - ANSWER-Private, Public Defenders, Assigned Counsel,
and Contract System
Jurors - ANSWER-decide whether those charged with crimes are guilty and in some
jurisdiction, what sentence should be if the defendant is convicted
Bailiff - ANSWER-usually a law enforcement officer whose job is to maintain order in the
courtroom ad transport incarcerated defendants to and from court proceedings
