NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
arteries - (ANSWER)transport blood away from heart
veins - (ANSWER)transport blood to the heart
capillaries - (ANSWER)microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - (ANSWER)exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation - (ANSWER)gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - (ANSWER)osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes - (ANSWER)contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin - (ANSWER)produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis) - (ANSWER)1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2.
platelet clot 3. coagulation mechanism
Rh+ - (ANSWER)antigen D in plasma membrane
Rh- - (ANSWER)absence of antigen D
anemia - (ANSWER)causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to - (ANSWER)less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
1
, NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
general signs of anemia - (ANSWER)fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of
epithelial cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia - (ANSWER)insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia - (ANSWER)dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss,
impaired duodenal absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - (ANSWER)general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and
ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) - (ANSWER)lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by
gastric mucosa, required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia - (ANSWER)dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as
gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia - (ANSWER)general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and
shiny, digestive discomfort, feeling of pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia - (ANSWER)impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and
pancytopenia
pancytopenia - (ANSWER)decreased numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in the blood
etiology of aplastic anemia - (ANSWER)myelotoxins: radiation, industrial chemicals, drugs, genetic
abnormalities, hep C, SLE
2
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
arteries - (ANSWER)transport blood away from heart
veins - (ANSWER)transport blood to the heart
capillaries - (ANSWER)microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation - (ANSWER)exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation - (ANSWER)gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins - (ANSWER)osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes - (ANSWER)contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin - (ANSWER)produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis) - (ANSWER)1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2.
platelet clot 3. coagulation mechanism
Rh+ - (ANSWER)antigen D in plasma membrane
Rh- - (ANSWER)absence of antigen D
anemia - (ANSWER)causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to - (ANSWER)less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
1
, NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
general signs of anemia - (ANSWER)fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of
epithelial cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia - (ANSWER)insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia - (ANSWER)dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss,
impaired duodenal absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - (ANSWER)general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and
ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) - (ANSWER)lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by
gastric mucosa, required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia - (ANSWER)dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as
gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia - (ANSWER)general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and
shiny, digestive discomfort, feeling of pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia - (ANSWER)impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and
pancytopenia
pancytopenia - (ANSWER)decreased numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in the blood
etiology of aplastic anemia - (ANSWER)myelotoxins: radiation, industrial chemicals, drugs, genetic
abnormalities, hep C, SLE
2
