Exotics NAVLE Exam Review Latest Update
the correct answer is *metabolic bone disease*.
Usually, you will see *bowing of the long bones* with rounding of the
skull in addition to the clinical findings mentioned.
The disease usually occurs as a result of *secondary nutritional
hyperparathyroidism*. When there is inadequate calcium absorbed
from the diet, the *parathyroid glands become hyperactive, causing
release of calcium stores in the bones*, leading to *fibrous and
pliable* bones.
Adequate nutrition is key to preventing this disease!! - ANSWER
An 8-month old iguana presents for further evaluation of a lack of
thriving. On physical exam, a pliable mandible and maxilla are
palpated. What is your diagnosis?
a. Metabolic bone disease
b. Coccidioidmycosis
c. This is a normal finding
d. Osteomyelitits
The etiologic agent for *PBFD* is *circovirus-1* and *circovirus-2* so
submitting a *whole blood* sample for *DNA probe* analysis is the
best method to check for *viremia*. - ANSWER You are presented
with two young wild cockatoos that have immature, clubbed feathers
and a malformed beak (see image). You suspect this is Psittacine
Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD). Which test would you run to
confirm your diagnosis?
a. PCR probe of whole blood for circovirus DNA
b. A serologic test for antibody to herpesvirus
c. PCR probe of whole blood for polyomavirus DNA
,d. A gram stain of the diseased feather pulp.
*Uterine adenocarcinoma* is the most common *neoplasia* of
*female rabbits*, with up to *80%* incidence among intact females of
certain species.
Because of this, all female rabbits that are *not breeders* should be
*spayed*. The most common signs of uterine ACA are *hematuria,
anorexia, depression, dysuria*, and *milk production*.
Pregnancy would be unlikely to cause *hematuria*. Rabbits are
*induced ovulators* and *do not* exhibit estrous. Hematuria must be
distinguished from *porphyrinuria*, which is a normal *red or
orange* pigment in the urine of some *rabbits*. However,
porphyrinuria *DOES NOT* cause *anorexia* and *weight loss*.
Rabbit syphilis is a *sexually* transmitted disease caused by
*Treponema paraluis cuniculi*. It causes *perineal lesions* but does
not cause hematuria - ANSWER A 5-year old female intact New
Zealand White rabbit presents for *hematuria, anorexia*, and *weight
loss*. What is the most likely differential?
a. Uterine adenocarcinoma
b. Normal Estrous
c. Rabbit syphilis
d. Porphyrinuria
e. Pregnancy
The correct answer is *vertebral fracture*.
Fractures in the *caudal lumbar* region frequently occur when
rabbits *are not handled properly* or are stimulated to jump around
excessively.
*Fractures* are *much more common* than *luxations, disc
extrusions*, or *emboli*.
,The most common site of fracture is *L7*. - ANSWER A client
brings in her rabbit, which acutely went down in the hind limbs after
playing with the owner's daughter yesterday. On physical exam, the
rabbit is dribbling urine and has no withdrawal in the hind legs.
Forelimbs are normal. What do you suspect?
a. Hansen's type II disc herniation
b. Vertebral fracture
c. Fibrocartilage embolism
d. Vertebral luxation
e. Hansen's type I herniation
The correct answer is *renal adenocarcinoma*.
A *mass* in the renal parenchyma of a bird will compress and
compromise the function of the *ischiatic nerve*, causing a unilateral
leg *lameness*.
We would be unlikely to see *unilateral lameness* with *lead toxicity*.
Bumblefoot could affect *one* foot, but *WOULD NOT* cause
polydipsia.
Teflon toxicity causes *acute death* in *birds*. - ANSWER An adult
budgerigar presents sitting on the floor of its cage. It has a history of
polydipsia, weight loss, and progressive left leg lameness. What is
your highest suspicion for what may be causing these signs?
a. Renal adenocarcinoma
b. Bumble foot
c. Lead toxicity
d. Teflon toxicity
The correct answer is to *euthanize the colony*.
*LCM* is caused by an *RNA arenavirus*.
, The disease is a *zoonotic* concern, so *euthanasia is
recommended* for animals affected with the disease. - ANSWER
You diagnose a colony of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis
(LCM). What is your next step?
a. Euthanize the colony
b. Treat aggressively with antibiotics
c. Do nothing; the disease is self limiting
d. Notify the federal authorities
The correct answer is *metabolic bone disease*. Other things to look
for are a *pliable mandible* and *maxilla*.
Usually, you will see *bowing* of the *long bones* with rounding of
the *skull*. The disease usually occurs as a result of *secondary
nutritional hyperparathyroidism* or hypovitaminosis D.
*Gout* results from a *primary overproduction* of uric acid or an
*inability* to *excrete uric acid*. - ANSWER A one year old
rescued iguana presents for further evaluation as a result of poor
growth. Survey radiographs show osteopenia and evidence of
remodeling suggestive of a previous fracture. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
a. Hypovitaminosis C
b. Primary Hypoparathyroidism
c. Gout
d. Metabolic bone disease
The correct answer is *ivermectin*.
*Ivermectin* is highly *toxic in turtles* and causes *paresis,
paralysis, and death* at *low* doses.
Ivermectin is *not recommended* in turtles despite its efficacy in
treating *nematode* infection - ANSWER A turtle is presented to
the correct answer is *metabolic bone disease*.
Usually, you will see *bowing of the long bones* with rounding of the
skull in addition to the clinical findings mentioned.
The disease usually occurs as a result of *secondary nutritional
hyperparathyroidism*. When there is inadequate calcium absorbed
from the diet, the *parathyroid glands become hyperactive, causing
release of calcium stores in the bones*, leading to *fibrous and
pliable* bones.
Adequate nutrition is key to preventing this disease!! - ANSWER
An 8-month old iguana presents for further evaluation of a lack of
thriving. On physical exam, a pliable mandible and maxilla are
palpated. What is your diagnosis?
a. Metabolic bone disease
b. Coccidioidmycosis
c. This is a normal finding
d. Osteomyelitits
The etiologic agent for *PBFD* is *circovirus-1* and *circovirus-2* so
submitting a *whole blood* sample for *DNA probe* analysis is the
best method to check for *viremia*. - ANSWER You are presented
with two young wild cockatoos that have immature, clubbed feathers
and a malformed beak (see image). You suspect this is Psittacine
Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD). Which test would you run to
confirm your diagnosis?
a. PCR probe of whole blood for circovirus DNA
b. A serologic test for antibody to herpesvirus
c. PCR probe of whole blood for polyomavirus DNA
,d. A gram stain of the diseased feather pulp.
*Uterine adenocarcinoma* is the most common *neoplasia* of
*female rabbits*, with up to *80%* incidence among intact females of
certain species.
Because of this, all female rabbits that are *not breeders* should be
*spayed*. The most common signs of uterine ACA are *hematuria,
anorexia, depression, dysuria*, and *milk production*.
Pregnancy would be unlikely to cause *hematuria*. Rabbits are
*induced ovulators* and *do not* exhibit estrous. Hematuria must be
distinguished from *porphyrinuria*, which is a normal *red or
orange* pigment in the urine of some *rabbits*. However,
porphyrinuria *DOES NOT* cause *anorexia* and *weight loss*.
Rabbit syphilis is a *sexually* transmitted disease caused by
*Treponema paraluis cuniculi*. It causes *perineal lesions* but does
not cause hematuria - ANSWER A 5-year old female intact New
Zealand White rabbit presents for *hematuria, anorexia*, and *weight
loss*. What is the most likely differential?
a. Uterine adenocarcinoma
b. Normal Estrous
c. Rabbit syphilis
d. Porphyrinuria
e. Pregnancy
The correct answer is *vertebral fracture*.
Fractures in the *caudal lumbar* region frequently occur when
rabbits *are not handled properly* or are stimulated to jump around
excessively.
*Fractures* are *much more common* than *luxations, disc
extrusions*, or *emboli*.
,The most common site of fracture is *L7*. - ANSWER A client
brings in her rabbit, which acutely went down in the hind limbs after
playing with the owner's daughter yesterday. On physical exam, the
rabbit is dribbling urine and has no withdrawal in the hind legs.
Forelimbs are normal. What do you suspect?
a. Hansen's type II disc herniation
b. Vertebral fracture
c. Fibrocartilage embolism
d. Vertebral luxation
e. Hansen's type I herniation
The correct answer is *renal adenocarcinoma*.
A *mass* in the renal parenchyma of a bird will compress and
compromise the function of the *ischiatic nerve*, causing a unilateral
leg *lameness*.
We would be unlikely to see *unilateral lameness* with *lead toxicity*.
Bumblefoot could affect *one* foot, but *WOULD NOT* cause
polydipsia.
Teflon toxicity causes *acute death* in *birds*. - ANSWER An adult
budgerigar presents sitting on the floor of its cage. It has a history of
polydipsia, weight loss, and progressive left leg lameness. What is
your highest suspicion for what may be causing these signs?
a. Renal adenocarcinoma
b. Bumble foot
c. Lead toxicity
d. Teflon toxicity
The correct answer is to *euthanize the colony*.
*LCM* is caused by an *RNA arenavirus*.
, The disease is a *zoonotic* concern, so *euthanasia is
recommended* for animals affected with the disease. - ANSWER
You diagnose a colony of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis
(LCM). What is your next step?
a. Euthanize the colony
b. Treat aggressively with antibiotics
c. Do nothing; the disease is self limiting
d. Notify the federal authorities
The correct answer is *metabolic bone disease*. Other things to look
for are a *pliable mandible* and *maxilla*.
Usually, you will see *bowing* of the *long bones* with rounding of
the *skull*. The disease usually occurs as a result of *secondary
nutritional hyperparathyroidism* or hypovitaminosis D.
*Gout* results from a *primary overproduction* of uric acid or an
*inability* to *excrete uric acid*. - ANSWER A one year old
rescued iguana presents for further evaluation as a result of poor
growth. Survey radiographs show osteopenia and evidence of
remodeling suggestive of a previous fracture. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
a. Hypovitaminosis C
b. Primary Hypoparathyroidism
c. Gout
d. Metabolic bone disease
The correct answer is *ivermectin*.
*Ivermectin* is highly *toxic in turtles* and causes *paresis,
paralysis, and death* at *low* doses.
Ivermectin is *not recommended* in turtles despite its efficacy in
treating *nematode* infection - ANSWER A turtle is presented to
