Vascular Ultrasound Final Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Which are the two main circulatory pathways in the body? - Correct answers✔✔Pulmonary and
systemic
Which type of vessels control the level of resistance within the arterial system by constricting
and dilating as necessary? - Correct answers✔✔Arterioles
The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute is called: - Correct answers✔✔Cardiac
output
What units are usually used to measure blood pressure? - Correct answers✔✔mmHg
Select best answer to describe reason for blood flow throughout body - Correct
answers✔✔Pressure gradients
If the pressure at the left end of a vessel is 100 mmHg and the pressure at the right end is 120
mmHg, which way will the fluid flow? - Correct answers✔✔Right to left
Volumetric flow rate (Q) is defined as the amount of blood that flows past a certain point per
minute (or second). When resistance decreases within the vessel due to low viscosity, what
happens to the volume flow rate? - Correct answers✔✔Increases
Which two factors are directly related to resistance? - Correct answers✔✔Vessel length and
viscosity
,Poiseuille's equation (volumetric flow rate) is: - Correct answers✔✔Q = (Difference in P x Pi x
r^4) / (8 x L x viscosity)
Are greyscale and color Doppler alone considered diagnostic? - Correct answers✔✔No, spectral
analysis is needed as well
What 3 things are needed for stenosis to be considered hemodynamically significant? - Correct
answers✔✔Post stenotic turbulence, focal velocity increase, and greyscale evidence of a
narrowing
According to Bernoulli, what happens to the velocity AND pressure at the tightest point of
stenosis? - Correct answers✔✔Velocity increases and pressure decreases
An abnormal sound heard through a stethoscope caused by turbulent flow. - Correct
answers✔✔Bruit
What is Reynolds number? - Correct answers✔✔Tells us that turbulent flow is likely present if
the number is over 2,000
The outermost layer of a vessel wall is called: - Correct answers✔✔Tunica adventitia
What is the main form of energy present in blood flow, which is the pressure distending the
vessels? - Correct answers✔✔Potential energy
What is the one layer that comprises capillaries? - Correct answers✔✔Tunica intima
, When one vessel becomes blocked, the body will often create new connections/alternate
pathways over time to bypass the blockage. This is called __________________ circulation. -
Correct answers✔✔Collateral
Which of the following is the first branch off of the ECA? - Correct answers✔✔Superior thyroid
artery
If there is a right ICA occlusion, how will the right side of the brain receive flow? - Correct
answers✔✔Branches of ECA anastomosing to redirect flow to the brain, Circle of Willis
(posterior communicating artery and anterior communicating artery)
What is an occlusion? - Correct answers✔✔A COMPLETE blockage of a vessel
What artery feeds the posterior part of the brain? - Correct answers✔✔Basilar artery (fed by the
vertebral arteries)
How many branches does the ICA have in the cervical section? - Correct answers✔✔0
Which vessel has branches we can see- the ICA or the ECA? - Correct answers✔✔ECA only
The Doppler Principle states that when sound reflects off an object which is moving toward or
away from the source (transducer): - Correct answers✔✔There will be a change in received
requency
If the blood is flowing toward the transducer, the Doppler shift will be: - Correct
answers✔✔Positive
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Which are the two main circulatory pathways in the body? - Correct answers✔✔Pulmonary and
systemic
Which type of vessels control the level of resistance within the arterial system by constricting
and dilating as necessary? - Correct answers✔✔Arterioles
The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute is called: - Correct answers✔✔Cardiac
output
What units are usually used to measure blood pressure? - Correct answers✔✔mmHg
Select best answer to describe reason for blood flow throughout body - Correct
answers✔✔Pressure gradients
If the pressure at the left end of a vessel is 100 mmHg and the pressure at the right end is 120
mmHg, which way will the fluid flow? - Correct answers✔✔Right to left
Volumetric flow rate (Q) is defined as the amount of blood that flows past a certain point per
minute (or second). When resistance decreases within the vessel due to low viscosity, what
happens to the volume flow rate? - Correct answers✔✔Increases
Which two factors are directly related to resistance? - Correct answers✔✔Vessel length and
viscosity
,Poiseuille's equation (volumetric flow rate) is: - Correct answers✔✔Q = (Difference in P x Pi x
r^4) / (8 x L x viscosity)
Are greyscale and color Doppler alone considered diagnostic? - Correct answers✔✔No, spectral
analysis is needed as well
What 3 things are needed for stenosis to be considered hemodynamically significant? - Correct
answers✔✔Post stenotic turbulence, focal velocity increase, and greyscale evidence of a
narrowing
According to Bernoulli, what happens to the velocity AND pressure at the tightest point of
stenosis? - Correct answers✔✔Velocity increases and pressure decreases
An abnormal sound heard through a stethoscope caused by turbulent flow. - Correct
answers✔✔Bruit
What is Reynolds number? - Correct answers✔✔Tells us that turbulent flow is likely present if
the number is over 2,000
The outermost layer of a vessel wall is called: - Correct answers✔✔Tunica adventitia
What is the main form of energy present in blood flow, which is the pressure distending the
vessels? - Correct answers✔✔Potential energy
What is the one layer that comprises capillaries? - Correct answers✔✔Tunica intima
, When one vessel becomes blocked, the body will often create new connections/alternate
pathways over time to bypass the blockage. This is called __________________ circulation. -
Correct answers✔✔Collateral
Which of the following is the first branch off of the ECA? - Correct answers✔✔Superior thyroid
artery
If there is a right ICA occlusion, how will the right side of the brain receive flow? - Correct
answers✔✔Branches of ECA anastomosing to redirect flow to the brain, Circle of Willis
(posterior communicating artery and anterior communicating artery)
What is an occlusion? - Correct answers✔✔A COMPLETE blockage of a vessel
What artery feeds the posterior part of the brain? - Correct answers✔✔Basilar artery (fed by the
vertebral arteries)
How many branches does the ICA have in the cervical section? - Correct answers✔✔0
Which vessel has branches we can see- the ICA or the ECA? - Correct answers✔✔ECA only
The Doppler Principle states that when sound reflects off an object which is moving toward or
away from the source (transducer): - Correct answers✔✔There will be a change in received
requency
If the blood is flowing toward the transducer, the Doppler shift will be: - Correct
answers✔✔Positive
