CURRENTLY TESTING EXAM 2 VERSIONS WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH A STUDY GUIDE / EXPERT VERIFIED FOR GURANTEED
PASS / LATEST UPDATE.
Expert witness - ANSWER/A person who an demonstrate a particular skill or has
knowledge in a trade or profession that will help the court determine the truth of the
matter at issue
Locard's exchange principle - ANSWER/Whenever two objects come into contact with
one another, there is exchange of materials between them
scientific method - ANSWER/A process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and
systematic collection, organization, and analysis of information
physical evidence - ANSWER/Any object that can establish that a crime has or has not
been omitted or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator
rough sketch - ANSWER/A draft representation of all essential information and
measurements at a crime scene. This sketch is drawn at the crime scene.
finished sketch - ANSWER/A precise rendering of the crime scene, usually drawn to
scale
chain of custody - ANSWER/A list of all people who came into possession of an item of
evidence
standard/reference sample - ANSWER/Physical evidence whose origin is known, such
as fibers or hair from a suspect, that can be compared to a crime-scene evidence
buccal swab - ANSWER/A swab of the inner portion of the cheek; cheek cells are
usually collected to determine the DNA profile of an individual
substrate control - ANSWER/Uncontaminated surface material close to an area where
physical evidence has been deposited. This sample is to be used to ensure that the
surface on which a sample has been deposited does not interfere with laboratory tests
algor mortis - ANSWER/A process that occurs after death in which the body
temperature continually cools until it reaches the ambient or room temperature
class characteristics - ANSWER/Properties of evidence that can be associated only with
a group and never with a single source
comparison - ANSWER/The process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have
a common origin
, identification - ANSWER/The process of determining a substance's physical or chemical
identity. Drug analysis, species determination, and explosive residue analysis are
typical examples of this undertaking in a forensic setting
individual characteristics - ANSWER/Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a
common source with an extremely high degree of certainty
livor mortis - ANSWER/A medical condition that occurs after death and results in settling
of blood in areas of the body closest to the ground
product rule - ANSWER/Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring
genetic markers to obtain an overall frequency of occurrence for a genetic profile
rigor mortis - ANSWER/A medical condition that occurs after death and results in the
stiffening of muscle mass. The rigidity of the body begins within 24 hours of death and
disappears within 36 hours of death
rapid DNA - ANSWER/A process for developing DNA profiles from a buccal swab in 90
minutes or less that are compatible with a CODIS search
angle of impact - ANSWER/The acute angle formed between the path of a blood drop
and the surface that it contacts
area of convergence - ANSWER/The area on a two-dimensional plane where lines
traced through the long axis of several individual bloodstains meet; this approximates
the two-dimensional place from which the bloodstains were projected
area of origin - ANSWER/The location in three-dimensional space from which blood that
produced a bloodstain originated; the location of the area of convergence and the angle
of impact for each bloodstain is used to approximate this area
arterial spray - ANSWER/A characteristic bloodstain pattern containing spurts that
resulted from blood exiting under pressure from an arterial injury
back spatter - ANSWER/Blood directed back toward the source of the force that caused
the spatter
cast-off - ANSWER/A bloodstain pattern that is created when blood is flung from a
blood-bearing object in motion onto a surface
crime-scene reconstruction - ANSWER/The method used to support a likely sequence
of events at a crime scene by the observation and evaluation of physical evidence and
statements made by individuals involved with the incident