MKT 473- JERNIGAN EXAM 2 (ACTUAL) 2025/26
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS.
Random error or random sampling error Answer - Error that results from
chance variation.
Cannot be eliminated but can be reduced by increasing sample size
Chance variation Answer - the difference between the sample value and the
true value of the population mean
Systematic error or Bias Answer - error that results from problems or flaws in
the execution of the research design; sometimes called non-sampling error
Sample Design Error Answer - systematic error that results from an error in the
sample design or sampling procedures
Frame error Answer - error resulting from an inaccurate or incomplete
sampling frame
Population specific error Answer - defining the population incorrectly at the
start of the process
,Selection Error or Bias Answer - the error that occurs because the sampling
frame is not representative of the population; sampling procedures are
incomplete, improper, or not fully
followed
measurement error (error variance) Answer - results from a variation between
the information being sought and what is actually obtained by the
measurement process
Surrogate Information Error Answer - discrepancy between the information
required to solve a problem and the information sought by researcher
Interviewer error Answer - Error that results from the interviewer's influencing
- consciously or unconsciously - the answers of the respondent
Measurement instrument bias Answer - error that results from the design of
the questionnaire or measurement instrument; also known as questionnaire
bias
nonresponse bias Answer - occurs when an individual chosen for the sample
can't be contacted or refuses to participate
Response bias Answer - a systematic pattern of incorrect responses in a
sample survey
Input error Answer - error that results from the incorrect input of information
into a computer file or database
, Reliability Answer - Degree to which measures are free from random error
and, therefore, provide consistent data. The extent to which the survey
responses are internally consistent
Validity Answer - Degree to which what the researcher was trying to measure
was actually
measured
test-retest reliability Answer - using the same test on two occasions to
measure consistency
stability reliability Answer - lack of change in results from test to test
equivalent form reliability Answer - ability of two very similar forms of an
instrument to produce closely correlated results
internal consistency reliability Answer - the ability of an instrument to produce
similar results when used on different samples during the same time period to
measure a phenomenon
split-half technique reliability Answer - method of assessing the reliability of a
scale by dividing the total set of measurement items in half and correlating the
results
face validity Answer - Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is
supposed to test.
content validity Answer - The degree to which the content of a test is
representative of the domain it's supposed to cover.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS.
Random error or random sampling error Answer - Error that results from
chance variation.
Cannot be eliminated but can be reduced by increasing sample size
Chance variation Answer - the difference between the sample value and the
true value of the population mean
Systematic error or Bias Answer - error that results from problems or flaws in
the execution of the research design; sometimes called non-sampling error
Sample Design Error Answer - systematic error that results from an error in the
sample design or sampling procedures
Frame error Answer - error resulting from an inaccurate or incomplete
sampling frame
Population specific error Answer - defining the population incorrectly at the
start of the process
,Selection Error or Bias Answer - the error that occurs because the sampling
frame is not representative of the population; sampling procedures are
incomplete, improper, or not fully
followed
measurement error (error variance) Answer - results from a variation between
the information being sought and what is actually obtained by the
measurement process
Surrogate Information Error Answer - discrepancy between the information
required to solve a problem and the information sought by researcher
Interviewer error Answer - Error that results from the interviewer's influencing
- consciously or unconsciously - the answers of the respondent
Measurement instrument bias Answer - error that results from the design of
the questionnaire or measurement instrument; also known as questionnaire
bias
nonresponse bias Answer - occurs when an individual chosen for the sample
can't be contacted or refuses to participate
Response bias Answer - a systematic pattern of incorrect responses in a
sample survey
Input error Answer - error that results from the incorrect input of information
into a computer file or database
, Reliability Answer - Degree to which measures are free from random error
and, therefore, provide consistent data. The extent to which the survey
responses are internally consistent
Validity Answer - Degree to which what the researcher was trying to measure
was actually
measured
test-retest reliability Answer - using the same test on two occasions to
measure consistency
stability reliability Answer - lack of change in results from test to test
equivalent form reliability Answer - ability of two very similar forms of an
instrument to produce closely correlated results
internal consistency reliability Answer - the ability of an instrument to produce
similar results when used on different samples during the same time period to
measure a phenomenon
split-half technique reliability Answer - method of assessing the reliability of a
scale by dividing the total set of measurement items in half and correlating the
results
face validity Answer - Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is
supposed to test.
content validity Answer - The degree to which the content of a test is
representative of the domain it's supposed to cover.
