PEDIATRIC ARDMS REVIEW
What is the reason infants cannot control their body temperature? -
ANSWERS-Lack of brown adipose tissue (BAT)
Optimal place for a temperature probe on an infant: - ANSWERS-
abdomen
Name the 3 most common venous access sites in the body -
ANSWERS-IJV
subclavian
femoral
What sonographic artifact is seen with the use of needles? -
ANSWERS-Reverberation or "comet-tail"
What does PICC line stand for? - ANSWERS-peripherally inserted
central catheter
Name 5 risk factors for DDH - ANSWERS-first born
female
frank breech
family hx
oligohydramnios
,Which 3 specific structures should be imaged when evaluating for
septic hip? - ANSWERS-femoral head/neck
joint capsule
iliopsoas muscle
Which 3 bones form the hip? - ANSWERS-ilium
ischium
pubis
Name the 2 stress maneuvers used for evaluation of the infant hip -
ANSWERS-Barlow
Ortolani
Describe the Barlow maneuver - ANSWERS-dislocation of the hip by
ADDUCTING and pushing leg posterior
Describe the Ortolani maneuver - ANSWERS-relocation of the hip by
ABDUCTING the leg
Name the angle between the ilium and the roof of the labrum; < 55
degrees is normal. - ANSWERS-Beta
Name the angle between the acetabular roof and the ilium; > 60
degrees is normal. - ANSWERS-Alpha
,Pyomyositis - ANSWERS-Infection of skeletal muscle
Osteomyelitis - ANSWERS-inflammation of bone and bone marrow
What is the difference between Transient synovitis and a septic hip? -
ANSWERS-septic hip will have pain at rest and high fever (transient
synovitis no pain at rest, afebrile or mild fever)
What is the unusual condition occurring in athletes after a blunt injury
in which the bone subsequently forms within the muscle at the site of
injury? - ANSWERS-Myositis ossifications
What symptoms would a patient with hypertensive vasculitis have? -
ANSWERS-pain, fever, swollen joints, petechiae
Where does the thymus gland lie? - ANSWERS-posterior to sternum
Which gland resembles a "sail" on ultrasound - ANSWERS-thymus
What is the anomaly where a segment of lung does NOT function due
to anomalous blood supply and no communication with
tracheobronchial tree? - ANSWERS-Pulmonary sequestration
2 types of pulmonary sequestration - ANSWERS-Intralobar
(acquired)
Extralobar (congential)
, Which type of pulmonary sequestration is more common in males and
on the left? - ANSWERS-Extralobar
2 types of diaphragmatic hernias - ANSWERS-Bochdalek
Morgagni
What scanning approach would be optimal to assess for
diaphragmatic paralysis? - ANSWERS-Intercostal
How do you assess for diaphragmatic paralyis? - ANSWERS-
disconnect ventilator
use M-mode for 5-10 seconds
Diagnostic criteria for positive diaphragmatic paralysis - ANSWERS-
absent motion upon inspiration
2 congenital anomalies of pancreas - ANSWERS-pancreas divisum
annular pancreas
What pancreatic anomaly occurs when the ventral and dorsal buds do
not fuse? - ANSWERS-pancreatic divisum
Describe annular pancreas - ANSWERS-Ring of panc tissue encircles
2nd portion of duodenum. (may present as obstruction)
What is the reason infants cannot control their body temperature? -
ANSWERS-Lack of brown adipose tissue (BAT)
Optimal place for a temperature probe on an infant: - ANSWERS-
abdomen
Name the 3 most common venous access sites in the body -
ANSWERS-IJV
subclavian
femoral
What sonographic artifact is seen with the use of needles? -
ANSWERS-Reverberation or "comet-tail"
What does PICC line stand for? - ANSWERS-peripherally inserted
central catheter
Name 5 risk factors for DDH - ANSWERS-first born
female
frank breech
family hx
oligohydramnios
,Which 3 specific structures should be imaged when evaluating for
septic hip? - ANSWERS-femoral head/neck
joint capsule
iliopsoas muscle
Which 3 bones form the hip? - ANSWERS-ilium
ischium
pubis
Name the 2 stress maneuvers used for evaluation of the infant hip -
ANSWERS-Barlow
Ortolani
Describe the Barlow maneuver - ANSWERS-dislocation of the hip by
ADDUCTING and pushing leg posterior
Describe the Ortolani maneuver - ANSWERS-relocation of the hip by
ABDUCTING the leg
Name the angle between the ilium and the roof of the labrum; < 55
degrees is normal. - ANSWERS-Beta
Name the angle between the acetabular roof and the ilium; > 60
degrees is normal. - ANSWERS-Alpha
,Pyomyositis - ANSWERS-Infection of skeletal muscle
Osteomyelitis - ANSWERS-inflammation of bone and bone marrow
What is the difference between Transient synovitis and a septic hip? -
ANSWERS-septic hip will have pain at rest and high fever (transient
synovitis no pain at rest, afebrile or mild fever)
What is the unusual condition occurring in athletes after a blunt injury
in which the bone subsequently forms within the muscle at the site of
injury? - ANSWERS-Myositis ossifications
What symptoms would a patient with hypertensive vasculitis have? -
ANSWERS-pain, fever, swollen joints, petechiae
Where does the thymus gland lie? - ANSWERS-posterior to sternum
Which gland resembles a "sail" on ultrasound - ANSWERS-thymus
What is the anomaly where a segment of lung does NOT function due
to anomalous blood supply and no communication with
tracheobronchial tree? - ANSWERS-Pulmonary sequestration
2 types of pulmonary sequestration - ANSWERS-Intralobar
(acquired)
Extralobar (congential)
, Which type of pulmonary sequestration is more common in males and
on the left? - ANSWERS-Extralobar
2 types of diaphragmatic hernias - ANSWERS-Bochdalek
Morgagni
What scanning approach would be optimal to assess for
diaphragmatic paralysis? - ANSWERS-Intercostal
How do you assess for diaphragmatic paralyis? - ANSWERS-
disconnect ventilator
use M-mode for 5-10 seconds
Diagnostic criteria for positive diaphragmatic paralysis - ANSWERS-
absent motion upon inspiration
2 congenital anomalies of pancreas - ANSWERS-pancreas divisum
annular pancreas
What pancreatic anomaly occurs when the ventral and dorsal buds do
not fuse? - ANSWERS-pancreatic divisum
Describe annular pancreas - ANSWERS-Ring of panc tissue encircles
2nd portion of duodenum. (may present as obstruction)
