RN VATI Adult Medical Surgical Assessment Exam Questions with
Correct Verified Answers Latest Update (2026/2027) Guaranteed Pass
1.
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure prescribed furosemide. Which
assessment finding requires priority intervention?
A. Weight gain of 0.5 kg in 2 days
B. Serum potassium 3.0 mEq/L
C. Blood pressure 118/70 mmHg
D. Mild ankle edema
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia (K⁺ <3.5) from loop diuretics can cause cardiac
dysrhythmias—requires immediate correction.
2.
A client with COPD is receiving oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula.
Which action should the nurse take?
A. Lower the flow rate to 2 L/min
B. Increase oxygen to 6 L/min
C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing
D. Place in a supine position
Answer: A
Rationale: COPD patients rely on hypoxic drive; too much O₂ may
suppress respiration. Keep at 1–2 L/min.
3.
,The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin. Which lab value requires
holding the medication?
A. Potassium 4.1 mEq/L
B. Digoxin level 2.4 ng/mL
C. Sodium 136 mEq/L
D. Heart rate 80 bpm
Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic digoxin range = 0.5–2.0 ng/mL. Levels above this
indicate toxicity.
4.
A client receiving heparin develops hematuria. What is the nurse’s priority
action?
A. Notify the provider
B. Stop the infusion immediately
C. Document findings
D. Check coagulation studies later
Answer: B
Rationale: Active bleeding while on anticoagulants requires stopping the
drug and notifying the provider.
5.
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who reports shakiness and
sweating. What should the nurse do first?
A. Check blood glucose level
B. Give orange juice
C. Notify the provider
D. Reassess in 15 minutes
Answer: A
Rationale: Always confirm hypoglycemia with a glucose check before
intervention.
,6.
A client receiving a blood transfusion reports chills and low back pain. What
should the nurse do?
A. Slow the transfusion rate
B. Stop the transfusion immediately
C. Reassure the patient
D. Flush with normal saline through the same line
Answer: B
Rationale: Back pain and chills indicate a hemolytic reaction—stop
transfusion and maintain IV access with saline.
7.
A nurse provides dietary teaching for a client on warfarin. Which food
should be limited?
A. Spinach
B. Apples
C. Rice
D. Chicken
Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin K-rich foods (spinach, kale) decrease warfarin
effectiveness by promoting clotting.
8.
A client with liver cirrhosis has ascites. Which medication helps reduce fluid
accumulation?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Mannitol
Answer: B
, Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic effective for
ascites caused by aldosterone imbalance.
9.
A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Gentle bubbling in the suction chamber
B. Constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber
C. Drainage of 60 mL in 2 hours
D. Tidaling with respirations
Answer: B
Rationale: Constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber indicates an air leak
—must be investigated promptly.
10.
A client with heart failure is prescribed carvedilol. The nurse should hold the
medication if which finding is present?
A. BP 138/86 mmHg
B. HR 52 bpm
C. Mild fatigue
D. Pulse oximetry 94%
Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers slow heart rate; hold if HR < 60 bpm and notify
the provider.
11.
A nurse prepares to administer morphine IV for pain. The client’s
respirations are 8/min. What should the nurse do first?
A. Administer the medication as ordered
B. Notify the provider
Correct Verified Answers Latest Update (2026/2027) Guaranteed Pass
1.
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure prescribed furosemide. Which
assessment finding requires priority intervention?
A. Weight gain of 0.5 kg in 2 days
B. Serum potassium 3.0 mEq/L
C. Blood pressure 118/70 mmHg
D. Mild ankle edema
Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia (K⁺ <3.5) from loop diuretics can cause cardiac
dysrhythmias—requires immediate correction.
2.
A client with COPD is receiving oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula.
Which action should the nurse take?
A. Lower the flow rate to 2 L/min
B. Increase oxygen to 6 L/min
C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing
D. Place in a supine position
Answer: A
Rationale: COPD patients rely on hypoxic drive; too much O₂ may
suppress respiration. Keep at 1–2 L/min.
3.
,The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin. Which lab value requires
holding the medication?
A. Potassium 4.1 mEq/L
B. Digoxin level 2.4 ng/mL
C. Sodium 136 mEq/L
D. Heart rate 80 bpm
Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic digoxin range = 0.5–2.0 ng/mL. Levels above this
indicate toxicity.
4.
A client receiving heparin develops hematuria. What is the nurse’s priority
action?
A. Notify the provider
B. Stop the infusion immediately
C. Document findings
D. Check coagulation studies later
Answer: B
Rationale: Active bleeding while on anticoagulants requires stopping the
drug and notifying the provider.
5.
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who reports shakiness and
sweating. What should the nurse do first?
A. Check blood glucose level
B. Give orange juice
C. Notify the provider
D. Reassess in 15 minutes
Answer: A
Rationale: Always confirm hypoglycemia with a glucose check before
intervention.
,6.
A client receiving a blood transfusion reports chills and low back pain. What
should the nurse do?
A. Slow the transfusion rate
B. Stop the transfusion immediately
C. Reassure the patient
D. Flush with normal saline through the same line
Answer: B
Rationale: Back pain and chills indicate a hemolytic reaction—stop
transfusion and maintain IV access with saline.
7.
A nurse provides dietary teaching for a client on warfarin. Which food
should be limited?
A. Spinach
B. Apples
C. Rice
D. Chicken
Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin K-rich foods (spinach, kale) decrease warfarin
effectiveness by promoting clotting.
8.
A client with liver cirrhosis has ascites. Which medication helps reduce fluid
accumulation?
A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Mannitol
Answer: B
, Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic effective for
ascites caused by aldosterone imbalance.
9.
A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Gentle bubbling in the suction chamber
B. Constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber
C. Drainage of 60 mL in 2 hours
D. Tidaling with respirations
Answer: B
Rationale: Constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber indicates an air leak
—must be investigated promptly.
10.
A client with heart failure is prescribed carvedilol. The nurse should hold the
medication if which finding is present?
A. BP 138/86 mmHg
B. HR 52 bpm
C. Mild fatigue
D. Pulse oximetry 94%
Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-blockers slow heart rate; hold if HR < 60 bpm and notify
the provider.
11.
A nurse prepares to administer morphine IV for pain. The client’s
respirations are 8/min. What should the nurse do first?
A. Administer the medication as ordered
B. Notify the provider
