JCAPHO Certified Ophthalmic Assisting
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
abduction - Correct answer-The movement of the eye outward toward the temple.
aberrometry - Correct answer-The measurement of optical aberrations of the visual
system using a device called a wavefront analyzer or an aberrometer.
abrasion - Correct answer-A scratch.
abscess - Correct answer-A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed
tissue.
absolute scotoma - Correct answer-A severe visual field defect in which the largest
and brightest stimulus cannot be seen; blindness at that specific location.
accommodation - Correct answer-The change in the curvature of the crystalline
lens that helps to focus images of objects close to the eye.
acidic burns - Correct answer-A chemical injury to tissue, caused by an agent of
low pH.
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,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - Correct answer-An infection with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes a compromised immune system.
acute - Correct answer-Refers to a condition that flares up suddenly and persists for
only a short time.
add - Correct answer-The lower portion of the multifocal lens (usually the lower
part) that provides correction for near vision. Also called segment or near add.
adduction - Correct answer-The movement of the eye inward toward the nose.
adenovirus - Correct answer-A family of viruses involved primarily in respiratory
infections; can cause highly contagious forms of conjunctivitis.
adnexa - Correct answer-The tissues and structures surrounding the eye; includes
the orbit, extraocular muscles, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus.
afferent pupillary defect (APD) - Correct answer-A pupil with normal iris function
that fails to constrict normally with direct light stimulation but reacts strongly
consensually, or when the fellow eye is stimulated. Usually secondary to optic
nerve disease.
"against motion" - Correct answer-The retinoscopic reflex movement that is in the
opposite direction from the movement of the streak of light from the retinoscope;
typical of the myopic eye.
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, age-related macular degeneration - Correct answer-A disease in which sensory
cells of the macula degenerate, resulting in a loss of central vision; usually affects
older people.
alkali burn - Correct answer-A chemical injury to tissue, caused by an agent of
high pH.
allergic reaction - Correct answer-A condition in which the body produces
antibodies to foreign materials such as food, plant pollens, or medications.
alternate cover test - Correct answer-A test performed by placing an occluder over
one eye and then moving it slowly over to the other eye to detect a tendency for the
eyes to deviate while under the occluder (such an ocular misalignment is known as
a phoria). Also called cross-cover test.
altitudinal scotoma - Correct answer-The joining and enlargement of a nasal step
visual field defect and an arcuate scooter to cause loss of the entire upper or lower
visual field.
amblyopia - Correct answer-Decreased vision present without apparent
abnormalities in the ocular anatomy and uncorrectable by spectacles or contact
lenses; results from visual deprivation in early childhood.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
abduction - Correct answer-The movement of the eye outward toward the temple.
aberrometry - Correct answer-The measurement of optical aberrations of the visual
system using a device called a wavefront analyzer or an aberrometer.
abrasion - Correct answer-A scratch.
abscess - Correct answer-A localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed
tissue.
absolute scotoma - Correct answer-A severe visual field defect in which the largest
and brightest stimulus cannot be seen; blindness at that specific location.
accommodation - Correct answer-The change in the curvature of the crystalline
lens that helps to focus images of objects close to the eye.
acidic burns - Correct answer-A chemical injury to tissue, caused by an agent of
low pH.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - Correct answer-An infection with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes a compromised immune system.
acute - Correct answer-Refers to a condition that flares up suddenly and persists for
only a short time.
add - Correct answer-The lower portion of the multifocal lens (usually the lower
part) that provides correction for near vision. Also called segment or near add.
adduction - Correct answer-The movement of the eye inward toward the nose.
adenovirus - Correct answer-A family of viruses involved primarily in respiratory
infections; can cause highly contagious forms of conjunctivitis.
adnexa - Correct answer-The tissues and structures surrounding the eye; includes
the orbit, extraocular muscles, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus.
afferent pupillary defect (APD) - Correct answer-A pupil with normal iris function
that fails to constrict normally with direct light stimulation but reacts strongly
consensually, or when the fellow eye is stimulated. Usually secondary to optic
nerve disease.
"against motion" - Correct answer-The retinoscopic reflex movement that is in the
opposite direction from the movement of the streak of light from the retinoscope;
typical of the myopic eye.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, age-related macular degeneration - Correct answer-A disease in which sensory
cells of the macula degenerate, resulting in a loss of central vision; usually affects
older people.
alkali burn - Correct answer-A chemical injury to tissue, caused by an agent of
high pH.
allergic reaction - Correct answer-A condition in which the body produces
antibodies to foreign materials such as food, plant pollens, or medications.
alternate cover test - Correct answer-A test performed by placing an occluder over
one eye and then moving it slowly over to the other eye to detect a tendency for the
eyes to deviate while under the occluder (such an ocular misalignment is known as
a phoria). Also called cross-cover test.
altitudinal scotoma - Correct answer-The joining and enlargement of a nasal step
visual field defect and an arcuate scooter to cause loss of the entire upper or lower
visual field.
amblyopia - Correct answer-Decreased vision present without apparent
abnormalities in the ocular anatomy and uncorrectable by spectacles or contact
lenses; results from visual deprivation in early childhood.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
