CONDITIONS FINAL EXAM|| 87
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (GRADED
A+)
macular degeneration - ANSWER-Acute loss of central vision and visual acuity
distortion of objects
Central scotomas (dark patches)
Increased glare sensitivity
Decreased contrast sensitivity and color vision
Glaucoma - ANSWER-Slow loss of peripheral vision, Eventual loss of central vision
Decreased ability to see in dim light, contrast sensitivity
Poor adaptation to changes in lighting with glare sensitivity
Decreased depth perception
Ocular pain with damage to optic nerve
Cataracts - ANSWER-Decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
Cloudy, blurry or foggy vision
Increased glare sensitivity
Nearsightedness (myopia)
Decreased color perception especially to blue eyes
Visual skills - ANSWER-The use of extraocular muscles to direct eye movements
Visual Perceptual skills - ANSWER-The recognition, discrimination, and processing of
sensory information through the eyes and related CNS structures. (Gives meaning to
what is seen)
visual reception - ANSWER-sensory function
visual cognition - ANSWER-specific mental function to understand incoming visual
information
· Mary Warren's Hierarchy of visual perceptual skill development: - ANSWER-
primary visual skills - ANSWER-- Form the foundation of all visual functions (base of the
pyramid)
oculomotor control - ANSWER-Efficient eye movements that ensure the scan path is
accomplished.
a. Each eye is moved by the 6 extraocular muscles.
b. Innervated by cranial nerves: III-Oculomotor, IV-Trochlear, VI-Abducens
, Visual fields - ANSWER-entire area that can be seen when the eye is directed forward,
including that which is seen with peripheral vision.
homomynous hemianopsia - ANSWER-A loss of vision in the same visual field of both
eyes.
visual acuity - ANSWER-Ensures that the CNS receives accurate information
-The capacity to discriminate fine details of objects in the visual field.
eye chart reading - ANSWER--20/20: you can see at 20 feet, what the average person
at 20 feet can see
-20/200: you can see it at 20 feet, but average people can see it at 200 feet away
Attention - ANSWER-Localization, fixation, ocular pursuit, gaze shift.
Alert & attending= ready for active learning & adaptive behavior
Scanning - ANSWER-The specific route the eyes follow as they systematically record all
the necessary visual information in a particular scene. (Saccades)
Saccades - ANSWER-the short quick movements, going from one to another, to
another
Pattern Recognition - ANSWER-The ability to identify the distinguishing features of an
object and the use of these features to distinguish the object from its surroundings.
Visual Memory & Visual Sequential Memory - ANSWER-The ability to retain a picture in
the mind's eye, store it in memory and retrieve it later.
The ability to remember a series of forms & find the same series among several other
series of forms.
Visual Figure Ground - ANSWER-The ability to locate and identify shapes and objects
embedded in a busy visual environment.
Visual Form Constancy - ANSWER-The ability to identify a form even though it may be
sized differently, rotated, reversed and/or hidden among other forms as compared to the
original stimulus.
Cerebral Palsy - ANSWER-Group of clinical syndromes affecting movement, muscle
tone, and coordination as a result of an injury or lesion to the brain that occurs anytime
during the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal period.
-Developmental disability, NOT a disease
not always just during pregnancy, can occur shortly after birth
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (GRADED
A+)
macular degeneration - ANSWER-Acute loss of central vision and visual acuity
distortion of objects
Central scotomas (dark patches)
Increased glare sensitivity
Decreased contrast sensitivity and color vision
Glaucoma - ANSWER-Slow loss of peripheral vision, Eventual loss of central vision
Decreased ability to see in dim light, contrast sensitivity
Poor adaptation to changes in lighting with glare sensitivity
Decreased depth perception
Ocular pain with damage to optic nerve
Cataracts - ANSWER-Decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
Cloudy, blurry or foggy vision
Increased glare sensitivity
Nearsightedness (myopia)
Decreased color perception especially to blue eyes
Visual skills - ANSWER-The use of extraocular muscles to direct eye movements
Visual Perceptual skills - ANSWER-The recognition, discrimination, and processing of
sensory information through the eyes and related CNS structures. (Gives meaning to
what is seen)
visual reception - ANSWER-sensory function
visual cognition - ANSWER-specific mental function to understand incoming visual
information
· Mary Warren's Hierarchy of visual perceptual skill development: - ANSWER-
primary visual skills - ANSWER-- Form the foundation of all visual functions (base of the
pyramid)
oculomotor control - ANSWER-Efficient eye movements that ensure the scan path is
accomplished.
a. Each eye is moved by the 6 extraocular muscles.
b. Innervated by cranial nerves: III-Oculomotor, IV-Trochlear, VI-Abducens
, Visual fields - ANSWER-entire area that can be seen when the eye is directed forward,
including that which is seen with peripheral vision.
homomynous hemianopsia - ANSWER-A loss of vision in the same visual field of both
eyes.
visual acuity - ANSWER-Ensures that the CNS receives accurate information
-The capacity to discriminate fine details of objects in the visual field.
eye chart reading - ANSWER--20/20: you can see at 20 feet, what the average person
at 20 feet can see
-20/200: you can see it at 20 feet, but average people can see it at 200 feet away
Attention - ANSWER-Localization, fixation, ocular pursuit, gaze shift.
Alert & attending= ready for active learning & adaptive behavior
Scanning - ANSWER-The specific route the eyes follow as they systematically record all
the necessary visual information in a particular scene. (Saccades)
Saccades - ANSWER-the short quick movements, going from one to another, to
another
Pattern Recognition - ANSWER-The ability to identify the distinguishing features of an
object and the use of these features to distinguish the object from its surroundings.
Visual Memory & Visual Sequential Memory - ANSWER-The ability to retain a picture in
the mind's eye, store it in memory and retrieve it later.
The ability to remember a series of forms & find the same series among several other
series of forms.
Visual Figure Ground - ANSWER-The ability to locate and identify shapes and objects
embedded in a busy visual environment.
Visual Form Constancy - ANSWER-The ability to identify a form even though it may be
sized differently, rotated, reversed and/or hidden among other forms as compared to the
original stimulus.
Cerebral Palsy - ANSWER-Group of clinical syndromes affecting movement, muscle
tone, and coordination as a result of an injury or lesion to the brain that occurs anytime
during the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal period.
-Developmental disability, NOT a disease
not always just during pregnancy, can occur shortly after birth
