2025&2026
CATHETERIZATION
URINARY ELIMINATION
e
Tutor Sammy
TUTOR SAMMY
For more info email us:
, URINARY ELIMINATION are secreted in the same area resulting into urine
concentration.
Course Outline
▪ DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE: additional water
and sodium are reabsorbed under ADH and
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY ELIMINATION
aldosterone. This allows fine regulation of fluid
FACTORS AFFECT VOIDING
and electrolyte balance in the body.
ALTERED URINE PRODUCTION
▪ When fluid intake is low/ solute concentration in
ALTERED URINARY ELIMINATION
NURSING MANAGEMENT the blood is high, ADH in the posterior pituitary is
released, more water is reabsorbed in the distal
tubule so less urine is excreted.
▪ No ADH or less ADH = distal tubule is
▪ Urinary elimination is important to health impermeable = more excreted urine
▪ Elimination from the urinary tract is usually taken for ▪ Aldosterone: Na & H2O are reabsorbed in greater
granted. quantities, increase blood volume and decreasing
▪ A person’s urinary habits depend on social culture, urinary output.
personal habits, and physical abilities.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY
URETERS
▪ Moves through the collecting ducts into the
ELIMINATION
calyces of the renal pelvis and from there into the
ureters.
KIDNEYS ▪ Adult: 25 to 30cm [10 to 12 inches] long and
▪ Adult: 12 cm long, 6cm wide and 3cm thick 1.25cm [0.5inches] in diameter.
▪ Lie against the dorsal body wall in a ▪ Upper end: funnel shape as it enters the kidney.
retroperitoneal position (behind the parietal
peritoneum) in the superior lumbar region ▪ the junction between the
▪ Extends from the T12 to L3 vertebra thus receive ▪ ureter and the bladder, a flaplike fold of mucous
protection from the ribcage. membrane acts as a valve to prevent reflux
(backflow) of urine up the ureters.
▪ Right kidney is slightly lower than the left because
it is crowded by the liver.
▪ Primary regulators of fluid and acid-base balance.
BLADDER
▪ Serves as the reservoir of urine and organ of
▪ NEPHRONS: functional unit of kidney that filters excretion
the blood and remove metabolic wastes.
▪ Empty: lies between the symphysis pubis
▪ BOWMAN’S CAPSULE: the filtrate moves into the
tubule of the nephron ▪ Men: lies in front of the rectum and above the
prostate gland.
▪ PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE: ▪ Women: lies in front of the uterus and vagina.
WATER AND
electrolytes are reabsorbed. Solutes [glucose], ▪ Detrusor Muscle [smooth muscle layers] allows
are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. Other subs the bladder to expand when it is filled by urine
TUTOR SAMMY
For more info email us:
CATHETERIZATION
URINARY ELIMINATION
e
Tutor Sammy
TUTOR SAMMY
For more info email us:
, URINARY ELIMINATION are secreted in the same area resulting into urine
concentration.
Course Outline
▪ DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE: additional water
and sodium are reabsorbed under ADH and
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY ELIMINATION
aldosterone. This allows fine regulation of fluid
FACTORS AFFECT VOIDING
and electrolyte balance in the body.
ALTERED URINE PRODUCTION
▪ When fluid intake is low/ solute concentration in
ALTERED URINARY ELIMINATION
NURSING MANAGEMENT the blood is high, ADH in the posterior pituitary is
released, more water is reabsorbed in the distal
tubule so less urine is excreted.
▪ No ADH or less ADH = distal tubule is
▪ Urinary elimination is important to health impermeable = more excreted urine
▪ Elimination from the urinary tract is usually taken for ▪ Aldosterone: Na & H2O are reabsorbed in greater
granted. quantities, increase blood volume and decreasing
▪ A person’s urinary habits depend on social culture, urinary output.
personal habits, and physical abilities.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY
URETERS
▪ Moves through the collecting ducts into the
ELIMINATION
calyces of the renal pelvis and from there into the
ureters.
KIDNEYS ▪ Adult: 25 to 30cm [10 to 12 inches] long and
▪ Adult: 12 cm long, 6cm wide and 3cm thick 1.25cm [0.5inches] in diameter.
▪ Lie against the dorsal body wall in a ▪ Upper end: funnel shape as it enters the kidney.
retroperitoneal position (behind the parietal
peritoneum) in the superior lumbar region ▪ the junction between the
▪ Extends from the T12 to L3 vertebra thus receive ▪ ureter and the bladder, a flaplike fold of mucous
protection from the ribcage. membrane acts as a valve to prevent reflux
(backflow) of urine up the ureters.
▪ Right kidney is slightly lower than the left because
it is crowded by the liver.
▪ Primary regulators of fluid and acid-base balance.
BLADDER
▪ Serves as the reservoir of urine and organ of
▪ NEPHRONS: functional unit of kidney that filters excretion
the blood and remove metabolic wastes.
▪ Empty: lies between the symphysis pubis
▪ BOWMAN’S CAPSULE: the filtrate moves into the
tubule of the nephron ▪ Men: lies in front of the rectum and above the
prostate gland.
▪ PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE: ▪ Women: lies in front of the uterus and vagina.
WATER AND
electrolytes are reabsorbed. Solutes [glucose], ▪ Detrusor Muscle [smooth muscle layers] allows
are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. Other subs the bladder to expand when it is filled by urine
TUTOR SAMMY
For more info email us:
