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BOIL 171 MODULE 3 EXAM LATEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
History of the study of evolution
The historical development and understanding of evolutionary biology.
Earliest workers that classified organisms
Aristotle, Linnaeus, Buffon.
Early fossil hunters
Mary Anning.
Lamarck's theory of evolution
A theory proposing that organisms can pass on characteristics acquired during
their lifetime to their offspring.
Contributions by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
They proposed the theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.
What is evolution?
The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over
successive generations.
Adaptation
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
Biological species concept
Defines species based on the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Morphological species concept
Defines species based on physical characteristics.
Phylogenetic species concept
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Defines species based on their evolutionary history and relationships.
Hybridization
The process of combining different varieties or species of organisms to create
hybrids.
Speciation
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Gene flow between populations
The transfer of genetic variation from one population to another.
Formation of a barrier to gene flow
An event that prevents interbreeding between populations.
Evolution that leads to reproductive isolation
The process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
Tree diagrams
Visual representations of evolutionary relationships among species.
Definitions for allopatric and sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically isolated;
sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation.
Examples of allopatric and sympatric speciation
Allopatric: Darwin's finches; Sympatric: cichlid fish in African lakes.
Prezygotic isolation mechanisms
Mechanisms that prevent mating or fertilization between species.
Examples of prezygotic isolation mechanisms
Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation,
gametic isolation.
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Postzygotic isolation mechanisms
Mechanisms that occur after fertilization, affecting hybrid viability or fertility.
Examples of postzygotic isolation mechanisms
Reduced hybrid viability or fertility, hybrid breakdown.
Adaptive radiation definition
The rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.
Formation of the Hawaiian Islands
The islands were formed by volcanic activity approximately 5 million years ago.
Examples of adaptive radiations in Hawaii
Tarweed, Drosophila, honeycreepers.
Gradual speciation
The slow and gradual change of species over time.
Punctuated equilibrium
The theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change.
Definitions of microevolution and macroevolution
Microevolution refers to small-scale changes within a species; macroevolution
refers to large-scale changes that result in the emergence of new species.
Definition of allele and genotype frequencies
Allele frequency is the proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a
population; genotype frequency is the proportion of a specific genotype among all
individuals in a population.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
A principle that states allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain
constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.
BOIL 171 MODULE 3 EXAM LATEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
History of the study of evolution
The historical development and understanding of evolutionary biology.
Earliest workers that classified organisms
Aristotle, Linnaeus, Buffon.
Early fossil hunters
Mary Anning.
Lamarck's theory of evolution
A theory proposing that organisms can pass on characteristics acquired during
their lifetime to their offspring.
Contributions by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
They proposed the theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.
What is evolution?
The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over
successive generations.
Adaptation
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
Biological species concept
Defines species based on the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Morphological species concept
Defines species based on physical characteristics.
Phylogenetic species concept
, 2
Defines species based on their evolutionary history and relationships.
Hybridization
The process of combining different varieties or species of organisms to create
hybrids.
Speciation
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Gene flow between populations
The transfer of genetic variation from one population to another.
Formation of a barrier to gene flow
An event that prevents interbreeding between populations.
Evolution that leads to reproductive isolation
The process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
Tree diagrams
Visual representations of evolutionary relationships among species.
Definitions for allopatric and sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation occurs when populations are geographically isolated;
sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation.
Examples of allopatric and sympatric speciation
Allopatric: Darwin's finches; Sympatric: cichlid fish in African lakes.
Prezygotic isolation mechanisms
Mechanisms that prevent mating or fertilization between species.
Examples of prezygotic isolation mechanisms
Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation,
gametic isolation.
, 3
Postzygotic isolation mechanisms
Mechanisms that occur after fertilization, affecting hybrid viability or fertility.
Examples of postzygotic isolation mechanisms
Reduced hybrid viability or fertility, hybrid breakdown.
Adaptive radiation definition
The rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.
Formation of the Hawaiian Islands
The islands were formed by volcanic activity approximately 5 million years ago.
Examples of adaptive radiations in Hawaii
Tarweed, Drosophila, honeycreepers.
Gradual speciation
The slow and gradual change of species over time.
Punctuated equilibrium
The theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change.
Definitions of microevolution and macroevolution
Microevolution refers to small-scale changes within a species; macroevolution
refers to large-scale changes that result in the emergence of new species.
Definition of allele and genotype frequencies
Allele frequency is the proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a
population; genotype frequency is the proportion of a specific genotype among all
individuals in a population.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
A principle that states allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain
constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.
