PEDIATRIC ARDMS EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025-2026
UPDATE |GRADE A+ GUARANTEE
What is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia? - Answer-
Biliary atresia
What procedure can be done to preserve the liver in cases of biliary
atresia? - Answer-Kasai procedure
What is the most common (but rare) neoplasm of the biliary tract in
children? - Answer-Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most common malignant Splenic neoplasm - Answer-Lymphoma
What may cause multiple hypoechoic masses in the spleen? - Answer-
Langerhans cell histocytosis
Solid complex mass in spleen. Rare but mets to liver, bone, lymph
nodes. - Answer-Angiosarcoma
,Autosomal recessive disorder that presents w/ Hepatosplenomegaly and
bone infarctions. - Answer-Gaucher storage disease
When is Pyloric Stenosis most common? - Answer-2-6 weeks (boys)
Common cause of delayed emptying of stomach, antral narrowing &
causes vomiting - Answer-Pylorospasm (aka Antral Dyskinesia)
Most common malignant neoplasm of GI tract in children. - Answer-
Lymphoma
Most common malignant liver tumor in children? - Answer-
Hepatoblastoma
2nd most common malignant liver tumor in children. Seen w/ hep B and
Wilsons disease. - Answer-HCC
Most common benign hepatic tumor of childhood. - Answer-Infantile
Hemangioendothelioma
Benign liver lesion made up of small blood filled spaces lined w/
endothelial cells - Answer-Cavernous Hemangioma
,Congenital benign liver tumor originating along portal triads - Answer-
Mesenchymal Hamartoma (aka Lymphangioma)
Congenital cystic dilatation of intrahepatic ducts. - Answer-Caroli
disease
Which biliary tract pathology has an increased risk of
Cholangiocarcinoma? - Answer-Caroli disease
Most common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction in newborns. -
Answer-Duodenal atresia
Midgut malrotation - Answer-SMV positioned left of SMA
Most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood? - Answer-
Intussusception
Most common inflammatory disease of small bowel. - Answer-Crohn
disease
Most common small bowel malignancy in childhood. - Answer-Non-
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Most common surgical emergency in children. - Answer-appendicitis
, (more common in girls)
Most common cause of urethral obstruction in boys. - Answer-Posterior
urethral valves
Absent or small abdominal wall musculature. Multiple urinary tract
anomalies seen. Exclusively males. - Answer-Prune Belly Syndrome
(Eagle Barrett Syndrome)
Most common renal malignancy in children. - Answer-Wilms tumor
(Nephroblastoma)
What is the aggressive malignant renal tumor that occurs in patients w/
sickle cell disease? - Answer-Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Most common benign renal tumor in children. - Answer-Mesoblastic
Nephroma
(Renal Hamartoma,
Mesenchymal Hamartoma)
Most common extracranial tumor in children. - Answer-Neuroblastoma
Benign Adrenal tumor made of ganglion cells. - Answer-
Ganglioneuroma
AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025-2026
UPDATE |GRADE A+ GUARANTEE
What is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia? - Answer-
Biliary atresia
What procedure can be done to preserve the liver in cases of biliary
atresia? - Answer-Kasai procedure
What is the most common (but rare) neoplasm of the biliary tract in
children? - Answer-Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most common malignant Splenic neoplasm - Answer-Lymphoma
What may cause multiple hypoechoic masses in the spleen? - Answer-
Langerhans cell histocytosis
Solid complex mass in spleen. Rare but mets to liver, bone, lymph
nodes. - Answer-Angiosarcoma
,Autosomal recessive disorder that presents w/ Hepatosplenomegaly and
bone infarctions. - Answer-Gaucher storage disease
When is Pyloric Stenosis most common? - Answer-2-6 weeks (boys)
Common cause of delayed emptying of stomach, antral narrowing &
causes vomiting - Answer-Pylorospasm (aka Antral Dyskinesia)
Most common malignant neoplasm of GI tract in children. - Answer-
Lymphoma
Most common malignant liver tumor in children? - Answer-
Hepatoblastoma
2nd most common malignant liver tumor in children. Seen w/ hep B and
Wilsons disease. - Answer-HCC
Most common benign hepatic tumor of childhood. - Answer-Infantile
Hemangioendothelioma
Benign liver lesion made up of small blood filled spaces lined w/
endothelial cells - Answer-Cavernous Hemangioma
,Congenital benign liver tumor originating along portal triads - Answer-
Mesenchymal Hamartoma (aka Lymphangioma)
Congenital cystic dilatation of intrahepatic ducts. - Answer-Caroli
disease
Which biliary tract pathology has an increased risk of
Cholangiocarcinoma? - Answer-Caroli disease
Most common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction in newborns. -
Answer-Duodenal atresia
Midgut malrotation - Answer-SMV positioned left of SMA
Most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood? - Answer-
Intussusception
Most common inflammatory disease of small bowel. - Answer-Crohn
disease
Most common small bowel malignancy in childhood. - Answer-Non-
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Most common surgical emergency in children. - Answer-appendicitis
, (more common in girls)
Most common cause of urethral obstruction in boys. - Answer-Posterior
urethral valves
Absent or small abdominal wall musculature. Multiple urinary tract
anomalies seen. Exclusively males. - Answer-Prune Belly Syndrome
(Eagle Barrett Syndrome)
Most common renal malignancy in children. - Answer-Wilms tumor
(Nephroblastoma)
What is the aggressive malignant renal tumor that occurs in patients w/
sickle cell disease? - Answer-Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Most common benign renal tumor in children. - Answer-Mesoblastic
Nephroma
(Renal Hamartoma,
Mesenchymal Hamartoma)
Most common extracranial tumor in children. - Answer-Neuroblastoma
Benign Adrenal tumor made of ganglion cells. - Answer-
Ganglioneuroma
