PPHS Exam ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the Essential Tenets for Successful Leaders? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.)
Knowledge (Mentorship, Education)
2.) Ability (Acumen, Talent)
3.) Motivation (Internal, External)
Internal Motivation - CORRECT ANSWER intrinsic comfort zone
desire to learn new set of skills, lead by action
unwavering interest in human behavior and basic psychology
Trait Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Early theory (1940s-60)
focus on individual traits (intelligence, initiative, comprehension, inner motivation)
1970s - developed 20 more traits - these traits are in leaders from every culture
Lewin's Behavioral Study - CORRECT ANSWER watched kids perform tasks under
various leadership styles
Authoritarian - CORRECT ANSWER emotionally distant, dictated orders w/
consultation
get stuff done but dysfunctional and aggressive
, members blamed others for errors
Democratic - CORRECT ANSWER offer guidance and encouragement
higher group morale, members bonded; less output but better quality
Laissez-Faire - CORRECT ANSWER gives instruction and goals without directing the
tasks
not much motivation or product
University of Michigan Study - CORRECT ANSWER Studied Employee-centered
leadership vs Productivity-centered leadership
Employee-centered leadership - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis on interpersonal
relations
accept differences between members
(democratic)
Productivity-centered leadership - CORRECT ANSWER focused on accomplishing
tasks
(authoritarian)
Contingency Theories - CORRECT ANSWER effective leadership depends on BOTH
the situation and leadership style
Based on the Contingency Theory:
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the Essential Tenets for Successful Leaders? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.)
Knowledge (Mentorship, Education)
2.) Ability (Acumen, Talent)
3.) Motivation (Internal, External)
Internal Motivation - CORRECT ANSWER intrinsic comfort zone
desire to learn new set of skills, lead by action
unwavering interest in human behavior and basic psychology
Trait Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Early theory (1940s-60)
focus on individual traits (intelligence, initiative, comprehension, inner motivation)
1970s - developed 20 more traits - these traits are in leaders from every culture
Lewin's Behavioral Study - CORRECT ANSWER watched kids perform tasks under
various leadership styles
Authoritarian - CORRECT ANSWER emotionally distant, dictated orders w/
consultation
get stuff done but dysfunctional and aggressive
, members blamed others for errors
Democratic - CORRECT ANSWER offer guidance and encouragement
higher group morale, members bonded; less output but better quality
Laissez-Faire - CORRECT ANSWER gives instruction and goals without directing the
tasks
not much motivation or product
University of Michigan Study - CORRECT ANSWER Studied Employee-centered
leadership vs Productivity-centered leadership
Employee-centered leadership - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis on interpersonal
relations
accept differences between members
(democratic)
Productivity-centered leadership - CORRECT ANSWER focused on accomplishing
tasks
(authoritarian)
Contingency Theories - CORRECT ANSWER effective leadership depends on BOTH
the situation and leadership style
Based on the Contingency Theory:
