1. A nurse is providing information to a group of pregnant clients and their
partners about the psychosocial development of an infant. Using Erikson's
theory of psychosocial development, what should the nurse tell the group about
the infants?
A. Rely on the fact that their needs will be met Correct
B. Need to tolerate a great deal of frustration and discomfort to
develop a healthy personality
C. Must have needs ignored for short periods to develop a
healthy personality
D. Need to experience frustration, so it is best to allow an infant tocry
for a while before meeting his or her needs
Rationale: According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, infants
struggle to establish a sense of basic trust rather than a sense of basic mistrust
in their world, their caregivers, and themselves. If provided with consistent
satisfying experiences that are delivered in a timely manner, infants come to
rely on the fact that their needs are met and that, in turn, they will be able to
tolerate some degree of frustration and discomfort until those needs are met.
This sense of confidence is an early form of trust and provides the foundation
for a healthy personality. Therefore the other options are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option that contains the closed-ended word
"must." Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and indicate that
experiencing frustration is necessary. Review: Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
development as it relates to the infant.
Reference:
McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J. (2013). Maternal-
child nursing (4th ed., pp. 74-75). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Reproduction
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Sexuality/Reproduction
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 9476987754
A nurse is weighing a breastfed 6-month-old infant who has been brought to
the pediatrician's office for a scheduled visit. The infant's weight at birth was 6
lb 8 oz (2.9 kg). The nurse notes that the infant now weighs 13 lb (5.9
kg). Which action should the nurse take?
, A. Tell the mother that the infant's weight is increasing as
expected Correct
B. Tell the mother to decrease the daily number of feedings
because the weight gain is excessive
C. Tell the mother that semisolid foods should not be introduced
until the infant's pweight pstabilizes
D. Tell pthe pmother pthat pthe pinfant pshould pbe pswitched pfrom
pbreast pmilk pto pformula pbecause pthe pweight pgain pis
pinadequate
Rationale: Infants usually double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by 1
year of age. If the infant is 6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg), at birth, a weight of 13 lb (5.9 kg)
at 6 months of age is to be expected. Semisolid foods are usually introduced
between 4 and 6 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject in the question, the current weight
of the infant. Recalling that infants double their weight by 6 months of age will
direct you to the correct option. Review: the growth rate of an infant.
Reference: McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., pp. 488-489). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Potter, P., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. M. (2013). Fundamentals of
nursing. (8th ed., p. 143). St. Louis: Mosby.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Nutrition
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Nutrition
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
3. 3.ID: p9476997157
A pnurse pperforming pa pphysical passessment pof pa p12-month-old pinfant
pnotes pthat pthe pinfant's phead pcircumference pis pthe psame pas pthe pchest
pcircumference. pBased pon pthis pfinding, pwhat pshould pthe pnurse pdo?
A. Suspect pthe ppresence pof phydrocephalus
B. Suggest pto pthe ppediatrician pthat pa pskull px-ray pbe
pperformed
C. Tell pthe pmother pthat pthe pinfant pis pgrowing pfaster pthan
pexpected
D. Document pthese pmeasurements pin pthe pinfant's phealth-
care precord pCorrect
Rationale: The head circumference growth rate during the first year is
approximately 0.4 inch (1 cm) per month. By 10 to 12 months of age, the
infant’s head and chest circumferences are equal. Therefore, suspecting the
presence of hydrocephalus, telling the mother that the infant is growing faster
than expected, and suggesting that a skull x-ray be performed are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and
, indicate that the infant has a physiological problem. Review: the expected
growth rate of an infant.
Reference: McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., p. 69, 489-490). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Clinical Judgment, Development
HESI Concepts: Clinical Decision-Making/Clinical Judgment, Developmental
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
4. 4.ID: p9476985787
A pnew pmother pasks pthe pnurse, p"I pwas ptold pthat pmy pinfant preceived pmy
pantibodies pduring ppregnancy. pDoes pthat pmean pthat pmy pinfant pis
pprotected pagainst pinfections?" pWhich pstatement pshould pthe pnurse pmake
pin presponse pto pthe pmother?
A. "Yes, pyour pinfant pis pprotected pfrom pall pinfections."
B. "If pyou pbreastfeed, pyour pinfant pis pprotected pfrom pinfection."
C. "The ptransfer pof pyour pantibodies pprotects pyour pinfant
puntil pthe pinfant pis p12 pmonths pold."
D. "The pimmune psystem pof pan pinfant pis pimmature, pand pthe
pinfant pisat prisk pfor pinfection." pCorrect
Rationale: Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the
infant’s weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of age.
Although the infant begins to produce immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, by 1
year of age the infant has only approximately 60% of the adult IgG level, 75%
of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level. Breast milk transmits
additional IgA protection. The activity of T-lymphocytes also increases after
birth. Even though the immune system matures during infancy, maximal
protection against infection is not achieved until early childhood. This
immaturity places the infant at risk for infection.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option containing the closed-ended word
"all." Recalling that breastfeeding alone does not protect the infant from
infection will assist you in eliminating the option that suggests breastfeeding
protects the infant. From the remaining options, use the strategy of selecting
the umbrella option to answer correctly. Review: the physiological concepts
related to the maturity of body systems in an infant.
References: McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., pp. 477-478). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
, Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Immunity
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Immunity
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
5. 5.ID: p9476985720
A pnurse pis passessing pthe planguage pdevelopment pof pa p9-month-old
pinfant. pWhich pdevelopmental pmilestone pdoes pthe pnurse pexpect pto pnote pin
pan pinfant pof pthis page?
A. The pinfant pbabbles.
B. The pinfant psays p"Mama." pCorrect
C. The pinfant psmiles pand pcoos.
D. The pinfant pbabbles psingle pconsonants.
Rationale: An 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants
together. The first words, such as "Mama," "Daddy," "bye-bye," and "baby,"
begin to have meaning. A 1- to 3-month-old infant produces cooing sounds.
Babbling is common in a 3- to 4-month-old. Single-consonant babbling occurs
between 6 and 8 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the age of the infant. Recalling the
language development that occurs during infancy will direct you to the correct
option. Remember that an 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and
consonants together. Review: the developmental milestones related to
language development in an infant.
Reference:McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., pp. 94, 112). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Understanding
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Commuication, Development
HESI Concepts: Communication, Developmental
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
6. 6.ID: p9476988639
The pmother pof pa p9-month-old pinfant pcalls pthe pnurse pat pthe ppediatrician's
poffice, ptells pthe pnurse pthat pher pinfant pis pteething, pand pasks pwhat pcan
pbe pdone pto prelieve pthe pinfant's pdiscomfort. pWhat pshould pthe pnurse
pinstruct pthe pmother pto pdo?
A. Schedule pan pappointment pwith pa pdentist pfor pa pdental
pevaluation
B. Rub pthe pinfant's pgums pwith pbaby paspirin pthat phas
pbeen pdissolved pin pwater
C. Obtain pan pover-the-counter p(OTC) ptopical pmedication pfor
pgum-pain prelief
partners about the psychosocial development of an infant. Using Erikson's
theory of psychosocial development, what should the nurse tell the group about
the infants?
A. Rely on the fact that their needs will be met Correct
B. Need to tolerate a great deal of frustration and discomfort to
develop a healthy personality
C. Must have needs ignored for short periods to develop a
healthy personality
D. Need to experience frustration, so it is best to allow an infant tocry
for a while before meeting his or her needs
Rationale: According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, infants
struggle to establish a sense of basic trust rather than a sense of basic mistrust
in their world, their caregivers, and themselves. If provided with consistent
satisfying experiences that are delivered in a timely manner, infants come to
rely on the fact that their needs are met and that, in turn, they will be able to
tolerate some degree of frustration and discomfort until those needs are met.
This sense of confidence is an early form of trust and provides the foundation
for a healthy personality. Therefore the other options are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option that contains the closed-ended word
"must." Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and indicate that
experiencing frustration is necessary. Review: Erikson’s theory of psychosocial
development as it relates to the infant.
Reference:
McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J. (2013). Maternal-
child nursing (4th ed., pp. 74-75). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Reproduction
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Sexuality/Reproduction
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 9476987754
A nurse is weighing a breastfed 6-month-old infant who has been brought to
the pediatrician's office for a scheduled visit. The infant's weight at birth was 6
lb 8 oz (2.9 kg). The nurse notes that the infant now weighs 13 lb (5.9
kg). Which action should the nurse take?
, A. Tell the mother that the infant's weight is increasing as
expected Correct
B. Tell the mother to decrease the daily number of feedings
because the weight gain is excessive
C. Tell the mother that semisolid foods should not be introduced
until the infant's pweight pstabilizes
D. Tell pthe pmother pthat pthe pinfant pshould pbe pswitched pfrom
pbreast pmilk pto pformula pbecause pthe pweight pgain pis
pinadequate
Rationale: Infants usually double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by 1
year of age. If the infant is 6 lb 8 oz (2.9 kg), at birth, a weight of 13 lb (5.9 kg)
at 6 months of age is to be expected. Semisolid foods are usually introduced
between 4 and 6 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject in the question, the current weight
of the infant. Recalling that infants double their weight by 6 months of age will
direct you to the correct option. Review: the growth rate of an infant.
Reference: McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., pp. 488-489). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Potter, P., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. M. (2013). Fundamentals of
nursing. (8th ed., p. 143). St. Louis: Mosby.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Nutrition
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Nutrition
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
3. 3.ID: p9476997157
A pnurse pperforming pa pphysical passessment pof pa p12-month-old pinfant
pnotes pthat pthe pinfant's phead pcircumference pis pthe psame pas pthe pchest
pcircumference. pBased pon pthis pfinding, pwhat pshould pthe pnurse pdo?
A. Suspect pthe ppresence pof phydrocephalus
B. Suggest pto pthe ppediatrician pthat pa pskull px-ray pbe
pperformed
C. Tell pthe pmother pthat pthe pinfant pis pgrowing pfaster pthan
pexpected
D. Document pthese pmeasurements pin pthe pinfant's phealth-
care precord pCorrect
Rationale: The head circumference growth rate during the first year is
approximately 0.4 inch (1 cm) per month. By 10 to 12 months of age, the
infant’s head and chest circumferences are equal. Therefore, suspecting the
presence of hydrocephalus, telling the mother that the infant is growing faster
than expected, and suggesting that a skull x-ray be performed are incorrect.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the options that are comparable or alike and
, indicate that the infant has a physiological problem. Review: the expected
growth rate of an infant.
Reference: McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., p. 69, 489-490). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Clinical Judgment, Development
HESI Concepts: Clinical Decision-Making/Clinical Judgment, Developmental
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
4. 4.ID: p9476985787
A pnew pmother pasks pthe pnurse, p"I pwas ptold pthat pmy pinfant preceived pmy
pantibodies pduring ppregnancy. pDoes pthat pmean pthat pmy pinfant pis
pprotected pagainst pinfections?" pWhich pstatement pshould pthe pnurse pmake
pin presponse pto pthe pmother?
A. "Yes, pyour pinfant pis pprotected pfrom pall pinfections."
B. "If pyou pbreastfeed, pyour pinfant pis pprotected pfrom pinfection."
C. "The ptransfer pof pyour pantibodies pprotects pyour pinfant
puntil pthe pinfant pis p12 pmonths pold."
D. "The pimmune psystem pof pan pinfant pis pimmature, pand pthe
pinfant pisat prisk pfor pinfection." pCorrect
Rationale: Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the
infant’s weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of age.
Although the infant begins to produce immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, by 1
year of age the infant has only approximately 60% of the adult IgG level, 75%
of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level. Breast milk transmits
additional IgA protection. The activity of T-lymphocytes also increases after
birth. Even though the immune system matures during infancy, maximal
protection against infection is not achieved until early childhood. This
immaturity places the infant at risk for infection.
Test-Taking Strategy: Eliminate the option containing the closed-ended word
"all." Recalling that breastfeeding alone does not protect the infant from
infection will assist you in eliminating the option that suggests breastfeeding
protects the infant. From the remaining options, use the strategy of selecting
the umbrella option to answer correctly. Review: the physiological concepts
related to the maturity of body systems in an infant.
References: McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., pp. 477-478). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying
Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
, Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Development, Immunity
HESI Concepts: Developmental, Immunity
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
5. 5.ID: p9476985720
A pnurse pis passessing pthe planguage pdevelopment pof pa p9-month-old
pinfant. pWhich pdevelopmental pmilestone pdoes pthe pnurse pexpect pto pnote pin
pan pinfant pof pthis page?
A. The pinfant pbabbles.
B. The pinfant psays p"Mama." pCorrect
C. The pinfant psmiles pand pcoos.
D. The pinfant pbabbles psingle pconsonants.
Rationale: An 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants
together. The first words, such as "Mama," "Daddy," "bye-bye," and "baby,"
begin to have meaning. A 1- to 3-month-old infant produces cooing sounds.
Babbling is common in a 3- to 4-month-old. Single-consonant babbling occurs
between 6 and 8 months of age.
Test-Taking Strategy: Focus on the subject, the age of the infant. Recalling the
language development that occurs during infancy will direct you to the correct
option. Remember that an 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and
consonants together. Review: the developmental milestones related to
language development in an infant.
Reference:McKinney, E., James, S., Murray, S., Nelson, K. & Ashwill, J.
(2013). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed., pp. 94, 112). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Level of Cognitive Ability: Understanding
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Assessment
Content Area: Developmental Stages
Giddens Concepts: Commuication, Development
HESI Concepts: Communication, Developmental
Awarded p1.0 ppoints pout pof p1.0 ppossible ppoints.
6. 6.ID: p9476988639
The pmother pof pa p9-month-old pinfant pcalls pthe pnurse pat pthe ppediatrician's
poffice, ptells pthe pnurse pthat pher pinfant pis pteething, pand pasks pwhat pcan
pbe pdone pto prelieve pthe pinfant's pdiscomfort. pWhat pshould pthe pnurse
pinstruct pthe pmother pto pdo?
A. Schedule pan pappointment pwith pa pdentist pfor pa pdental
pevaluation
B. Rub pthe pinfant's pgums pwith pbaby paspirin pthat phas
pbeen pdissolved pin pwater
C. Obtain pan pover-the-counter p(OTC) ptopical pmedication pfor
pgum-pain prelief
