Ultimate Comprehensive Biology Terminology
and Definitions Master List: The Complete Study
Guide for Understanding Key Concepts,
Processes, and Vocabulary in Life Science
Activation energy - Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going.✔✔
Active transport - Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the
dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy.✔✔
Aerobic organism - An organism that requires oxygen.✔✔
algae - a very simple plant without stems or leaves that grows in or near water.✔✔
amino acids - the building blocks of protein✔✔
Anaerobic organism - An organism that does not require oxygen.✔✔
analogous structure - have similar functions but different origin✔✔
Antibiotic - A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate
of other organisms.✔✔
Antibodies - Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents.✔✔
Anticodon - A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA.✔✔
anticodon - the complement of mRNA; triplet code on the tRNA✔✔
asexual reproduction - 1 parent✔✔
Asexual reproduction - Reproduction accomplished by a single organism.✔✔
Atoms - The basic building blocks of matter.✔✔
ATP - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
, the energy is stored in ATP until it is released by the reactions remove a phosphate from ATP
a simple way of remembering it is just that it's just energy✔✔
bacteria - a very small living things. Ex. Although some cause illness or disease, many ______
are harmless.✔✔
BACTERIA - Bacteria are living cells and can multiply rapidly. Once inside the body, they
release poisons or toxins that make us feel ill. BACTERIA GET IN BETWEEN CELLS✔✔
Binomial nomenclature - Naming an organism with its genus and species name.✔✔
blood type - *a classification of blood that depends on the type of antigen present on the surface
of the red blood cell; A, B, AB, or O
*A, B, AB and O. Type O is the universal donor and AB blood is known as the universal
recipient.✔✔
brain - The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system✔✔
Catalyst - A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the
process.✔✔cell - ✔✔
Cell Wall - A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells.✔✔
cellular respiration - C6H1206->CO2 + H20+ ENERGY (released)
goal is to create ATP
occurs in all living things✔✔
Cellulose - A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many
organisms.✔✔
Central vacuole - A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a
solution that contains a high concentration of solutes.✔✔
and Definitions Master List: The Complete Study
Guide for Understanding Key Concepts,
Processes, and Vocabulary in Life Science
Activation energy - Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going.✔✔
Active transport - Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the
dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy.✔✔
Aerobic organism - An organism that requires oxygen.✔✔
algae - a very simple plant without stems or leaves that grows in or near water.✔✔
amino acids - the building blocks of protein✔✔
Anaerobic organism - An organism that does not require oxygen.✔✔
analogous structure - have similar functions but different origin✔✔
Antibiotic - A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate
of other organisms.✔✔
Antibodies - Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents.✔✔
Anticodon - A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA.✔✔
anticodon - the complement of mRNA; triplet code on the tRNA✔✔
asexual reproduction - 1 parent✔✔
Asexual reproduction - Reproduction accomplished by a single organism.✔✔
Atoms - The basic building blocks of matter.✔✔
ATP - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
, the energy is stored in ATP until it is released by the reactions remove a phosphate from ATP
a simple way of remembering it is just that it's just energy✔✔
bacteria - a very small living things. Ex. Although some cause illness or disease, many ______
are harmless.✔✔
BACTERIA - Bacteria are living cells and can multiply rapidly. Once inside the body, they
release poisons or toxins that make us feel ill. BACTERIA GET IN BETWEEN CELLS✔✔
Binomial nomenclature - Naming an organism with its genus and species name.✔✔
blood type - *a classification of blood that depends on the type of antigen present on the surface
of the red blood cell; A, B, AB, or O
*A, B, AB and O. Type O is the universal donor and AB blood is known as the universal
recipient.✔✔
brain - The mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system✔✔
Catalyst - A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the
process.✔✔cell - ✔✔
Cell Wall - A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells.✔✔
cellular respiration - C6H1206->CO2 + H20+ ENERGY (released)
goal is to create ATP
occurs in all living things✔✔
Cellulose - A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many
organisms.✔✔
Central vacuole - A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a
solution that contains a high concentration of solutes.✔✔
