Nursing Care of
Children ATI
,Dehydration: Oral rehydration is attempted first for mild and moderate cases of
dehydration. - CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Mild: 50 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Moderate: 100 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Replacement of diarrhea losses with 10 mL/kg each stool
Dehydration: Monitor parenteral fluid therapy as prescribed - CORRECT ANSWERS-☐
Implemented when a child is unable to drink enough oral fluids to correct fluid losses,
and those who have severe dehydration or continued vomiting.
☐ Isotonic solution at 20 mL/kg IV bolus with possible repeat for isotonic and hypotonic
dehydration.
☐ Hypertonic dehydration - Rapid fluid replacement is contraindicated because of the
risk of cerebral edema.
☐ Administer maintenance IV fluids as prescribed.
☐ Avoid potassium replacement until kidney function is verified.
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Dietary sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Infants -
iron-fortified cereals and formula
☐ Older children - dried beans and lentils; peanut butter; green, leafy vegetables; iron-
fortified breads and flour; poultry; and red meat
Nutritional Needs of Infants who have Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Encourage the child to eat foods high in potassium, such as bran cereals, potatoes,
tomatoes, bananas, melons, oranges, and orange juice.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-● Nursing
Care
◯ General Interventions
■ Remain calm when providing care.
■ Keep the child well-hydrated.
■ Conserve the child's energy by providing frequent rest periods; clustering care;
providing small, frequent meals; bathing PRN; and keeping crying to a minimum in
cyanotic children.
■ Perform daily weight and I&O to monitor fluid status and nutritional status.
■ Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and renal function for
complications.
■ Provide support and resources for parents to promote developmental growth in the
child.
■ Monitor family coping and provide support.
, ■ Administer prescribed medications.
■ Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
☐ Administer potassium supplements if prescribed. These might not be indicated if the
child is concurrently taking an ACE inhibitor.
☐ Maintain sodium and fluid restrictions if prescribed.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Decrease workload of the heart -
CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Maintain bed rest.
☐ Position the infant in a car seat or hold at a 45° angle. Keep safety restraints low and
loose on the abdomen.
☐ Allow the child to sleep with several pillows and encourage a semi-Fowler's or
Fowler's position while awake.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Provide for adequate nutrition. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Plan to feed the infant using a feeding schedule of every 3 hr.
The infant should be rested, which occurs soon after awakening.
☐ Use a soft preemie nipple or a regular nipple with a slit to provide an enlarged
opening.
☐ Hold the infant in a semi-upright position.
☐ Allow the infant to rest during feedings, taking approximately 30 min to complete the
feeding
☐ Gavage feed the infant if he is unable to consume enough formula or breast milk.
☐ Increase caloric density of formula gradually from 20 to 30 kcal/oz.
☐ Encourage mothers who are breastfeeding to alternate feedings with high-density
formula or fortified breast milk.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Increase tissue oxygenation. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Provide cool, humidified oxygen via an oxygen hood (or tent),
mask, or nasal cannula.
☐ Suction the airway as indicated.
☐ Monitor oxygen saturation every 2 to 4 hr.
Evaluating Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management - CORRECT
ANSWERS-◯ Provide nutritional guidelines.
■ Read labels for nutritional value.
■ Meal planning is based on the requirements of growth and development of the child.
■ Plan meals to achieve appropriate timing of food intake, activity, onset, and peak of
insulin. Calories and food composition should be similar each day.
■ Eat at regular intervals and do not skip meals.
■ Count grams of carbohydrates consumed.
■ Recognize that 15 g of carbohydrates are equal to 1 carbohydrate exchange.
■ Avoid high-fat and high-sugar/high-carbohydrate food items.
■ Use artificial sweeteners in moderation
■ Children active with team sports will require a snack 30 min prior to activity.
Children ATI
,Dehydration: Oral rehydration is attempted first for mild and moderate cases of
dehydration. - CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Mild: 50 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Moderate: 100 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Replacement of diarrhea losses with 10 mL/kg each stool
Dehydration: Monitor parenteral fluid therapy as prescribed - CORRECT ANSWERS-☐
Implemented when a child is unable to drink enough oral fluids to correct fluid losses,
and those who have severe dehydration or continued vomiting.
☐ Isotonic solution at 20 mL/kg IV bolus with possible repeat for isotonic and hypotonic
dehydration.
☐ Hypertonic dehydration - Rapid fluid replacement is contraindicated because of the
risk of cerebral edema.
☐ Administer maintenance IV fluids as prescribed.
☐ Avoid potassium replacement until kidney function is verified.
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Dietary sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Infants -
iron-fortified cereals and formula
☐ Older children - dried beans and lentils; peanut butter; green, leafy vegetables; iron-
fortified breads and flour; poultry; and red meat
Nutritional Needs of Infants who have Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Encourage the child to eat foods high in potassium, such as bran cereals, potatoes,
tomatoes, bananas, melons, oranges, and orange juice.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS-● Nursing
Care
◯ General Interventions
■ Remain calm when providing care.
■ Keep the child well-hydrated.
■ Conserve the child's energy by providing frequent rest periods; clustering care;
providing small, frequent meals; bathing PRN; and keeping crying to a minimum in
cyanotic children.
■ Perform daily weight and I&O to monitor fluid status and nutritional status.
■ Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and renal function for
complications.
■ Provide support and resources for parents to promote developmental growth in the
child.
■ Monitor family coping and provide support.
, ■ Administer prescribed medications.
■ Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
☐ Administer potassium supplements if prescribed. These might not be indicated if the
child is concurrently taking an ACE inhibitor.
☐ Maintain sodium and fluid restrictions if prescribed.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Decrease workload of the heart -
CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Maintain bed rest.
☐ Position the infant in a car seat or hold at a 45° angle. Keep safety restraints low and
loose on the abdomen.
☐ Allow the child to sleep with several pillows and encourage a semi-Fowler's or
Fowler's position while awake.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Provide for adequate nutrition. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Plan to feed the infant using a feeding schedule of every 3 hr.
The infant should be rested, which occurs soon after awakening.
☐ Use a soft preemie nipple or a regular nipple with a slit to provide an enlarged
opening.
☐ Hold the infant in a semi-upright position.
☐ Allow the infant to rest during feedings, taking approximately 30 min to complete the
feeding
☐ Gavage feed the infant if he is unable to consume enough formula or breast milk.
☐ Increase caloric density of formula gradually from 20 to 30 kcal/oz.
☐ Encourage mothers who are breastfeeding to alternate feedings with high-density
formula or fortified breast milk.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Increase tissue oxygenation. -
CORRECT ANSWERS-☐ Provide cool, humidified oxygen via an oxygen hood (or tent),
mask, or nasal cannula.
☐ Suction the airway as indicated.
☐ Monitor oxygen saturation every 2 to 4 hr.
Evaluating Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management - CORRECT
ANSWERS-◯ Provide nutritional guidelines.
■ Read labels for nutritional value.
■ Meal planning is based on the requirements of growth and development of the child.
■ Plan meals to achieve appropriate timing of food intake, activity, onset, and peak of
insulin. Calories and food composition should be similar each day.
■ Eat at regular intervals and do not skip meals.
■ Count grams of carbohydrates consumed.
■ Recognize that 15 g of carbohydrates are equal to 1 carbohydrate exchange.
■ Avoid high-fat and high-sugar/high-carbohydrate food items.
■ Use artificial sweeteners in moderation
■ Children active with team sports will require a snack 30 min prior to activity.
