Queens University GEOL 104 Latest 2025 Final Exam
with Questions and Well Detailed Answers 100%
Pass|| GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE 2025/26
Carbon Dating -CORRECTANSWER Uses properties of radiocarbon to determine the
age of an object.
Fossil Succession -CORRECTANSWER A technique used to define the RELATIVE
AGE of a fossil.
Relative Age -CORRECTANSWER The age of one feature with respect to another.
Numeric Age -CORRECTANSWER The absolute age of a feature in years.
Paleomagnetism -CORRECTANSWER The study of ancient magnetism preserved in
rocks.
Unconformities -CORRECTANSWER Angular Unconformity: Rocks below were tilted or
folded before the unconformity developed.
Nonconformity: Sediment rocks overlie older intrusive igneous and/or metamorphic
rocks.
,Disconformity: Old sedimentary layers erode away overtime, this lasts over a long
period of time before new layers of deposition accumulate. This leaves a gap in
between time periods.
Stratigraphy -CORRECTANSWER The discipline that studies the layering of rock
layers.
A stratigraphic unit is used to describe parts of formations.
Geologic Contact -CORRECTANSWER the boundary surface between two formations.
Comparable to other contacts such as faults, unconformities, and intrusive contacts.
Conformable Contact -CORRECTANSWER No time gap between boundary surfaces
Unconformable Contact -CORRECTANSWER There is a Time gap between boundary
surfaces.
Isotopic Dating -CORRECTANSWER dating methods based on scientific knowledge
about the rate at which various radioactive isotopes of naturally occurring elements
transform themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
This rate is CONSTANT.
, Stable isotopes do not undergo change overtime, while unstable isotopes undergo
radioactive decay by releasing energy but creating a different element.
283U to 206Pb has a half life of 4.5 billion years, roughly the age of Earth!
Orogen -CORRECTANSWER a belt of the earth's crust involved in the formation of
mountains. This mountain building leads to deformation in rocks.
Rock Derformation -CORRECTANSWER Displacement: Change in location
Rotation: Change in direction
Distortion: Change in shape
- Stretching
- Shortening
- Shear strain
Deformation Rate -CORRECTANSWER Rapid = Brittle: Atomic bonds break forever
and lead to fracturing.
Slow = Ductile: Some bonds break but are quickly reformed allowing for change of
shape without fracturing.
with Questions and Well Detailed Answers 100%
Pass|| GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE 2025/26
Carbon Dating -CORRECTANSWER Uses properties of radiocarbon to determine the
age of an object.
Fossil Succession -CORRECTANSWER A technique used to define the RELATIVE
AGE of a fossil.
Relative Age -CORRECTANSWER The age of one feature with respect to another.
Numeric Age -CORRECTANSWER The absolute age of a feature in years.
Paleomagnetism -CORRECTANSWER The study of ancient magnetism preserved in
rocks.
Unconformities -CORRECTANSWER Angular Unconformity: Rocks below were tilted or
folded before the unconformity developed.
Nonconformity: Sediment rocks overlie older intrusive igneous and/or metamorphic
rocks.
,Disconformity: Old sedimentary layers erode away overtime, this lasts over a long
period of time before new layers of deposition accumulate. This leaves a gap in
between time periods.
Stratigraphy -CORRECTANSWER The discipline that studies the layering of rock
layers.
A stratigraphic unit is used to describe parts of formations.
Geologic Contact -CORRECTANSWER the boundary surface between two formations.
Comparable to other contacts such as faults, unconformities, and intrusive contacts.
Conformable Contact -CORRECTANSWER No time gap between boundary surfaces
Unconformable Contact -CORRECTANSWER There is a Time gap between boundary
surfaces.
Isotopic Dating -CORRECTANSWER dating methods based on scientific knowledge
about the rate at which various radioactive isotopes of naturally occurring elements
transform themselves into other elements by losing subatomic particles.
This rate is CONSTANT.
, Stable isotopes do not undergo change overtime, while unstable isotopes undergo
radioactive decay by releasing energy but creating a different element.
283U to 206Pb has a half life of 4.5 billion years, roughly the age of Earth!
Orogen -CORRECTANSWER a belt of the earth's crust involved in the formation of
mountains. This mountain building leads to deformation in rocks.
Rock Derformation -CORRECTANSWER Displacement: Change in location
Rotation: Change in direction
Distortion: Change in shape
- Stretching
- Shortening
- Shear strain
Deformation Rate -CORRECTANSWER Rapid = Brittle: Atomic bonds break forever
and lead to fracturing.
Slow = Ductile: Some bonds break but are quickly reformed allowing for change of
shape without fracturing.
