fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - ANSWER-
Na+ influx
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 2 - ANSWER-
Ca+ influx, K+ outflux plateau
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - ANSWER-K+
outflux (Ca+ drops off) rapid repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - ANSWER-
Ca+(few Na+ channels in Nodal fibers)
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - ANSWER-
K+ outflux repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 4 -
ANSWER-"Mainly Na+ (This is the pacemaker current) aarapim. "
Ectopic rhythm can result from - ANSWER-ischemia, electrolyte
abnormalities, or heightened sympathetic tone
If an early afterdepolarization is sustained - ANSWER-torades de
pointes (QRS complexes of varying amplitudes)
, fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
ECG of a patient with an accessory pathway (bundle of Kent) -
ANSWER-"Wide QRS complexes, early ventricular upstroke (also
predisposed to re-entry loops) (Wolff Parkinson White (WPW)
syndrome) wolff-parkinson-white-accessory-bundle-bundle-of-Kent "
MOA of quinidine - ANSWER-Blocks (open-activated) Na+ channels:
In SA Nodal tissue - Shift to a more positive threshold and decrease
the pacemaker slope (phase 4), In Ventricular tissue - Decreases the
phase 0 slope (depolarization) and block K+ channels prolongs
repolarization (longer refractory period protected from reentry
currents): Anticholanergic (vagolytic effect faster conduction through
AV node)
Indications of quinidine - ANSWER-"atrial flutter or fibrillation
maintain normal sinus rhythm,Paroxysmal supraventricular
tachycardia, Premature atrial or ventricular contractions, paroxysmal
AV junctional rhythm 9"
When taking this drug patients must be monitored for lupus (with
ANA) - ANSWER-Procainamide
Take with quinidine to prevent rapid ventricular response in patient
with atrial flutter - ANSWER-β-blocker or Ca2+ channel blocker
, fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
Which 1A antiarrhythmic for a patient on digoxin - ANSWER-
Procainamide (doesn't alter digoxin levels)
MOA of Lidocaine and Phenytoin - ANSWER-( 1B) block of voltage-
gated Na+ in ventricular myocytes (decrease phase 0 upstroke)
MOA of Encainide, Flecainide, Moricizine, Propafenone - ANSWER-
( 1C) block of voltage-gated Na+ channelsin ventricular myocytes
MOA of Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol... - ANSWER-( ) block β1-
adrenergic receptors SLOW SA and AV nodal activity,(decreases phase
4 slope)
MOA of Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol, Amiodarone - ANSWER-( I) Block
K+ channels longer action potential plateau and prolonged
repolarization
MOA of Verapamil, Diltiazem - ANSWER-( IV) Ca2+ channel blocker
slows action potential upstroke in SA and AV nodes
This 1A drug is associated with the development of Lupus,
hematotoxicity, but less likely to cause torsades - ANSWER-
procainamide
, fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
Antiarrhythmics of choice for post ischemic insults - ANSWER-1B
Drug used for Supraventricular tachycardias, and post-MI prophylaxis
- ANSWER-antiarrhythmics (β-blockers)
What does Quinidine do to AV node - ANSWER-increases conduction
velocity (via anticholinergic effects)
This 1A drug is meolized to a meolite with a pure I effect (prolonging
refractory, lengthening QT interval) - ANSWER-Procainamide
DOC or ventricular arrhythmias in ER situations (like in MI) -
ANSWER-Lidocaine
LidocaineMexiletine should be (increased or decreased) in patients
with drug inducible P0 - ANSWER-increased
Moderate Na+ channel block decrease phase 0, and prolonged
repolarization ( 1A, 1B or 1C) - ANSWER-1A
Mild Na+ channel block slight pahse 0 slope decrease, shortened
repolarization( 1A, 1B or 1C) - ANSWER-1B
answers 2024
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - ANSWER-
Na+ influx
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 2 - ANSWER-
Ca+ influx, K+ outflux plateau
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - ANSWER-K+
outflux (Ca+ drops off) rapid repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - ANSWER-
Ca+(few Na+ channels in Nodal fibers)
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - ANSWER-
K+ outflux repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 4 -
ANSWER-"Mainly Na+ (This is the pacemaker current) aarapim. "
Ectopic rhythm can result from - ANSWER-ischemia, electrolyte
abnormalities, or heightened sympathetic tone
If an early afterdepolarization is sustained - ANSWER-torades de
pointes (QRS complexes of varying amplitudes)
, fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
ECG of a patient with an accessory pathway (bundle of Kent) -
ANSWER-"Wide QRS complexes, early ventricular upstroke (also
predisposed to re-entry loops) (Wolff Parkinson White (WPW)
syndrome) wolff-parkinson-white-accessory-bundle-bundle-of-Kent "
MOA of quinidine - ANSWER-Blocks (open-activated) Na+ channels:
In SA Nodal tissue - Shift to a more positive threshold and decrease
the pacemaker slope (phase 4), In Ventricular tissue - Decreases the
phase 0 slope (depolarization) and block K+ channels prolongs
repolarization (longer refractory period protected from reentry
currents): Anticholanergic (vagolytic effect faster conduction through
AV node)
Indications of quinidine - ANSWER-"atrial flutter or fibrillation
maintain normal sinus rhythm,Paroxysmal supraventricular
tachycardia, Premature atrial or ventricular contractions, paroxysmal
AV junctional rhythm 9"
When taking this drug patients must be monitored for lupus (with
ANA) - ANSWER-Procainamide
Take with quinidine to prevent rapid ventricular response in patient
with atrial flutter - ANSWER-β-blocker or Ca2+ channel blocker
, fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
Which 1A antiarrhythmic for a patient on digoxin - ANSWER-
Procainamide (doesn't alter digoxin levels)
MOA of Lidocaine and Phenytoin - ANSWER-( 1B) block of voltage-
gated Na+ in ventricular myocytes (decrease phase 0 upstroke)
MOA of Encainide, Flecainide, Moricizine, Propafenone - ANSWER-
( 1C) block of voltage-gated Na+ channelsin ventricular myocytes
MOA of Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol... - ANSWER-( ) block β1-
adrenergic receptors SLOW SA and AV nodal activity,(decreases phase
4 slope)
MOA of Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol, Amiodarone - ANSWER-( I) Block
K+ channels longer action potential plateau and prolonged
repolarization
MOA of Verapamil, Diltiazem - ANSWER-( IV) Ca2+ channel blocker
slows action potential upstroke in SA and AV nodes
This 1A drug is associated with the development of Lupus,
hematotoxicity, but less likely to cause torsades - ANSWER-
procainamide
, fpgee review exam with 100% correct
answers 2024
Antiarrhythmics of choice for post ischemic insults - ANSWER-1B
Drug used for Supraventricular tachycardias, and post-MI prophylaxis
- ANSWER-antiarrhythmics (β-blockers)
What does Quinidine do to AV node - ANSWER-increases conduction
velocity (via anticholinergic effects)
This 1A drug is meolized to a meolite with a pure I effect (prolonging
refractory, lengthening QT interval) - ANSWER-Procainamide
DOC or ventricular arrhythmias in ER situations (like in MI) -
ANSWER-Lidocaine
LidocaineMexiletine should be (increased or decreased) in patients
with drug inducible P0 - ANSWER-increased
Moderate Na+ channel block decrease phase 0, and prolonged
repolarization ( 1A, 1B or 1C) - ANSWER-1A
Mild Na+ channel block slight pahse 0 slope decrease, shortened
repolarization( 1A, 1B or 1C) - ANSWER-1B
