BMSC 200 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
myoglobin has _______ for oxygen binding - ANSWER-hyperbolic curve (only one
curve)
hemoglobin has ______ for oxygen binding - ANSWER-sigmoidal behaviour
x axis of O2 binding curve - ANSWER-partial pressure O2
y axis of O2 binding curve - ANSWER-fraction saturation of O2 of the protein
the p50 of myoglobin is - ANSWER-3 torr
Hemoglobin is found in_______ - ANSWER-red blood cells
hemoglobin is an ______ protein - ANSWER-allosteric
allosteric proteins - ANSWER-can adopt 2 different conformations
T state - ANSWER-inactive, releases O2 to pheriphery
R state - ANSWER-active, higher affinity for O2, saturates O2 in the lungs
proteins with _____ cannot achieve a cooperative effect - ANSWER-single ligand
binding site
allosteric effectors (modulators) - ANSWER-bind allosteric proteins at specific sites
allosteric activators - ANSWER-stabilize the R state
allosteric inhibitors - ANSWER-stabilize the T state
when the ligand and the modulator are the same the interaction is _______ -
ANSWER-homotropic
when the ligand and the modulator are different the interaction is _____ - ANSWER-
heterotropic
Example of homotropic activator - ANSWER-oxygen
example of heterotropic inhibitor - ANSWER-2,3 BPG
,when ligand binding induces a conformation it is called ________ - ANSWER-
induced fit
the P50 for hemoglobin is - ANSWER-30 torr
hemoglobin works as both - ANSWER-a sensor and responder to hypoxia
2,3 BPG - ANSWER-decreases hemoglobins affinity for oxygen
Adaptation to high altitude - ANSWER-increased 2,3 BPG decreases Hb's O2 affinity
The bohr effect - ANSWER-at decreased pH Hb has a lower affinity for O2
increased muscle activity - ANSWER-lowers pH
Bohr effect - ANSWER-releases oxygen to active tissues
How CO2 is transported in the blood - ANSWER-CO2 is taken into red blood cells
and converted to bicarbonate and a proton, the proton decreases the pH and more
O2 is produced
sickle cell anemia - ANSWER-results from a single amino acid change (Glu6Val)
in SCA the cells in T state - ANSWER-link together to form fibres
SCA red blood cells act as - ANSWER-a plug which blocks blood flow
hemocyanin - ANSWER-uses copper to bind oxygen
hemocyanin has no ______ - ANSWER-heme group
hemocyanin is not localized within - ANSWER-specialized oxygen transport cells
membranes are built from - ANSWER-amphapathic molecules
membranes are impermeable to - ANSWER-polar molecules
liposomes act as - ANSWER-a vesicle for delivery through membranes
membranes are primarily made up of - ANSWER-lipids and protiens
most active membranes have a higher ratio of - ANSWER-protein to lipid
proteins and lipids move across the membrane - ANSWER-laterally, rapidly
flippases - ANSWER-enzymes that catalyze the transfer of lipids from one side of the
bilayer to the other
lipid raft - ANSWER-a group of lipids that float together as a unit within a larger sea
of lipids
, lipid rafts arise from - ANSWER-spontaneous association of lipid molecules whose
tails are similar lengths
apoptosis - ANSWER-cell destruction
peripheral membrane proteins - ANSWER-associated with membrane through
electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions
bulk of peripheral proteins are found in - ANSWER-cytosol or extracellular space
lipid anchored membrane protein - ANSWER-can anchor proteins to the membrane,
post translational modification
GI anchored proteins are always found on - ANSWER-outer face
Integral membrane protiens - ANSWER-are immersed in the span of the membrane
side chains within the transmembrane region are nonpolar except for - ANSWER-
carbonyl and amide groups
types of transport across membranes - ANSWER-simple diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, active transport, ion transporters
simple diffusion - ANSWER-goes from high to low concentration
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER-use of a protein to enable molecules to pass through
membrane
channels - ANSWER-doorway, faster, cannot saturate
carriers - ANSWER-revolving door, slower, can saturate
uniport - ANSWER-transport of a single molecule
antiporter - ANSWER-move molecules in opposite directions
symporter - ANSWER-move molecules in the same direction
primary active transport - ANSWER-driven by atp
secondary active transport - ANSWER-Couples the movement of one molecules
down its concentration to the movement of a second molecule down its gradient
Type P ATPASE - ANSWER-Uses energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump 3 Na outside
the cell and bring 2 K into the cell, Antiport
Type V ATPase - ANSWER-uses atp to move protons against gradient
Correct Answers
myoglobin has _______ for oxygen binding - ANSWER-hyperbolic curve (only one
curve)
hemoglobin has ______ for oxygen binding - ANSWER-sigmoidal behaviour
x axis of O2 binding curve - ANSWER-partial pressure O2
y axis of O2 binding curve - ANSWER-fraction saturation of O2 of the protein
the p50 of myoglobin is - ANSWER-3 torr
Hemoglobin is found in_______ - ANSWER-red blood cells
hemoglobin is an ______ protein - ANSWER-allosteric
allosteric proteins - ANSWER-can adopt 2 different conformations
T state - ANSWER-inactive, releases O2 to pheriphery
R state - ANSWER-active, higher affinity for O2, saturates O2 in the lungs
proteins with _____ cannot achieve a cooperative effect - ANSWER-single ligand
binding site
allosteric effectors (modulators) - ANSWER-bind allosteric proteins at specific sites
allosteric activators - ANSWER-stabilize the R state
allosteric inhibitors - ANSWER-stabilize the T state
when the ligand and the modulator are the same the interaction is _______ -
ANSWER-homotropic
when the ligand and the modulator are different the interaction is _____ - ANSWER-
heterotropic
Example of homotropic activator - ANSWER-oxygen
example of heterotropic inhibitor - ANSWER-2,3 BPG
,when ligand binding induces a conformation it is called ________ - ANSWER-
induced fit
the P50 for hemoglobin is - ANSWER-30 torr
hemoglobin works as both - ANSWER-a sensor and responder to hypoxia
2,3 BPG - ANSWER-decreases hemoglobins affinity for oxygen
Adaptation to high altitude - ANSWER-increased 2,3 BPG decreases Hb's O2 affinity
The bohr effect - ANSWER-at decreased pH Hb has a lower affinity for O2
increased muscle activity - ANSWER-lowers pH
Bohr effect - ANSWER-releases oxygen to active tissues
How CO2 is transported in the blood - ANSWER-CO2 is taken into red blood cells
and converted to bicarbonate and a proton, the proton decreases the pH and more
O2 is produced
sickle cell anemia - ANSWER-results from a single amino acid change (Glu6Val)
in SCA the cells in T state - ANSWER-link together to form fibres
SCA red blood cells act as - ANSWER-a plug which blocks blood flow
hemocyanin - ANSWER-uses copper to bind oxygen
hemocyanin has no ______ - ANSWER-heme group
hemocyanin is not localized within - ANSWER-specialized oxygen transport cells
membranes are built from - ANSWER-amphapathic molecules
membranes are impermeable to - ANSWER-polar molecules
liposomes act as - ANSWER-a vesicle for delivery through membranes
membranes are primarily made up of - ANSWER-lipids and protiens
most active membranes have a higher ratio of - ANSWER-protein to lipid
proteins and lipids move across the membrane - ANSWER-laterally, rapidly
flippases - ANSWER-enzymes that catalyze the transfer of lipids from one side of the
bilayer to the other
lipid raft - ANSWER-a group of lipids that float together as a unit within a larger sea
of lipids
, lipid rafts arise from - ANSWER-spontaneous association of lipid molecules whose
tails are similar lengths
apoptosis - ANSWER-cell destruction
peripheral membrane proteins - ANSWER-associated with membrane through
electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions
bulk of peripheral proteins are found in - ANSWER-cytosol or extracellular space
lipid anchored membrane protein - ANSWER-can anchor proteins to the membrane,
post translational modification
GI anchored proteins are always found on - ANSWER-outer face
Integral membrane protiens - ANSWER-are immersed in the span of the membrane
side chains within the transmembrane region are nonpolar except for - ANSWER-
carbonyl and amide groups
types of transport across membranes - ANSWER-simple diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, active transport, ion transporters
simple diffusion - ANSWER-goes from high to low concentration
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER-use of a protein to enable molecules to pass through
membrane
channels - ANSWER-doorway, faster, cannot saturate
carriers - ANSWER-revolving door, slower, can saturate
uniport - ANSWER-transport of a single molecule
antiporter - ANSWER-move molecules in opposite directions
symporter - ANSWER-move molecules in the same direction
primary active transport - ANSWER-driven by atp
secondary active transport - ANSWER-Couples the movement of one molecules
down its concentration to the movement of a second molecule down its gradient
Type P ATPASE - ANSWER-Uses energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump 3 Na outside
the cell and bring 2 K into the cell, Antiport
Type V ATPase - ANSWER-uses atp to move protons against gradient
