PSYCH 302 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Research Process - Correct Answers -a general sequence of steps that can be followed
when designing and conducting research
steps of research process - Correct Answers -1.) Find a Problem
2.) Reviewing the Literature
3.) Theoretical Consideration
4.) Hypothesis
5.) Research Design
6.) Conducting the Experiment
7.) Analyzing data
8.) Decisions about Findings
9.) Preparing the Report
10.) Sharing Results
Theory - Correct Answers -a formal statement of relations among variables in a
particular research area
Hypothosis - Correct Answers -a supposition or proposed explanation made on the
basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
experimental hypothesis - Correct Answers -the experimenter's predicted outcome of a
research project
research design - Correct Answers -specifies how experimenter will select participants,
form groups, control extraneous variables and gather data
the three characteristics of the scientific method - Correct Answers -1. Objective
(empirical) findings that can be 2. confirmed by others and 3. corrected, if necessary, by
subsequent research
control - Correct Answers -procedures for dealing with undesired factors in an
experiment or manipulation of the factor of main interest in an experiment
independent variable - Correct Answers -variable that is manipulated
, dependent variable - Correct Answers -The measurable effect, outcome, or response in
which the research is interested.
extraneous variable - Correct Answers -Something unwanted or unexpected that might
affect the dependent variable.
synthetic statements - Correct Answers -statements that can be either true or false
principle of falsifiability - Correct Answers -When an experimental hypothesis is stated in
general implication form, it is possible that a result is true (supported by the results of
the study) or false (not supported by the results of the study).
Composed of synthetic statements
deductive logic - Correct Answers -a type of reasoning, based on hypothetical premises,
that requires predicting a specific outcome from a general principle
inductive logic - Correct Answers -a type of reasoning in which general principles are
inferred from specific experiences
directional research hypothesis - Correct Answers -prediction of the specific outcome of
an experiment
nondirectional research hypothesis - Correct Answers -a specific prediction concerning
the outcome of an experiment is not made
APA format - Correct Answers -psychologist developed format for preparation of
scientific reports
sections of APA paper - Correct Answers -title page (with author note), abstract,
introduction, method, discussion, references, tables, figures, and appendixes (if used)
title page - Correct Answers -includes manuscript page header and page number, the
running head, the title, and author information
author note - Correct Answers -allows the author to thank people for their help
abstract - Correct Answers -provides a brief 150-250 word summary of the contents of
the paper
demand characteristics - Correct Answers -cues in an experiment that tell the
participant what behavior is expected
double-blind experiment - Correct Answers -an experiment in which neither the
experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
good participant effect - Correct Answers -the desire to cooperate and act as the
participants believe the experimenter wants them to
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Research Process - Correct Answers -a general sequence of steps that can be followed
when designing and conducting research
steps of research process - Correct Answers -1.) Find a Problem
2.) Reviewing the Literature
3.) Theoretical Consideration
4.) Hypothesis
5.) Research Design
6.) Conducting the Experiment
7.) Analyzing data
8.) Decisions about Findings
9.) Preparing the Report
10.) Sharing Results
Theory - Correct Answers -a formal statement of relations among variables in a
particular research area
Hypothosis - Correct Answers -a supposition or proposed explanation made on the
basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
experimental hypothesis - Correct Answers -the experimenter's predicted outcome of a
research project
research design - Correct Answers -specifies how experimenter will select participants,
form groups, control extraneous variables and gather data
the three characteristics of the scientific method - Correct Answers -1. Objective
(empirical) findings that can be 2. confirmed by others and 3. corrected, if necessary, by
subsequent research
control - Correct Answers -procedures for dealing with undesired factors in an
experiment or manipulation of the factor of main interest in an experiment
independent variable - Correct Answers -variable that is manipulated
, dependent variable - Correct Answers -The measurable effect, outcome, or response in
which the research is interested.
extraneous variable - Correct Answers -Something unwanted or unexpected that might
affect the dependent variable.
synthetic statements - Correct Answers -statements that can be either true or false
principle of falsifiability - Correct Answers -When an experimental hypothesis is stated in
general implication form, it is possible that a result is true (supported by the results of
the study) or false (not supported by the results of the study).
Composed of synthetic statements
deductive logic - Correct Answers -a type of reasoning, based on hypothetical premises,
that requires predicting a specific outcome from a general principle
inductive logic - Correct Answers -a type of reasoning in which general principles are
inferred from specific experiences
directional research hypothesis - Correct Answers -prediction of the specific outcome of
an experiment
nondirectional research hypothesis - Correct Answers -a specific prediction concerning
the outcome of an experiment is not made
APA format - Correct Answers -psychologist developed format for preparation of
scientific reports
sections of APA paper - Correct Answers -title page (with author note), abstract,
introduction, method, discussion, references, tables, figures, and appendixes (if used)
title page - Correct Answers -includes manuscript page header and page number, the
running head, the title, and author information
author note - Correct Answers -allows the author to thank people for their help
abstract - Correct Answers -provides a brief 150-250 word summary of the contents of
the paper
demand characteristics - Correct Answers -cues in an experiment that tell the
participant what behavior is expected
double-blind experiment - Correct Answers -an experiment in which neither the
experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
good participant effect - Correct Answers -the desire to cooperate and act as the
participants believe the experimenter wants them to
