JBL Trauma ACTUAL EXAM 2025-2026 LATEST
VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] DETAILED
AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A (BRAND NEW!!)
Factors that affect a person's ability to compensate for internal or
external blood loss include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) advanced age.
B) the rate of blood loss.
C) high cholesterol in the blood.
D) blood-thinning medications. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ C
(The compensatory responses of tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction decrease as a person ages; thus, older pts are not
able to compensate as effectively as younger pts. Older pts
commonly take medications to treat high BP, such as beta blockers;
these drugs may blunt the body's release of the catecholamines
necessary to increase the heart rate. The ability to compensate for
blood loss is also related to how rapidly blood loss occurs. Pts who
take blood-thinning medications [warfarin {Coumadin}] bleed longer
than those not taking such medications. There is no known
correlation between high cholesterol and a person's ability to
compensate for blood loss)
A 44-year-old male experienced burns to his anterior trunk and both
arms. He is conscious and alert, but is in extreme pain. Assessment
of the burns reveals reddening and blisters. This patient has
________________ burns that cover _____ of his total body surface
area.
A) first-degree, 27%
B) partial-thickness, 36%
C) second-degree, 45%
,D) full-thickness, 18% - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ B
(Partial-thickness [second degree] burns damage the epidermis and
part of the dermis, and are characterized by blistering and severe
pain. Areas of superficial [1st degree] burns, which cause reddening
of the skin, commonly surround partial-thickness burns. The anterior
trunk [chest and abdomen] accounts for 18% of the total body surface
area [TBSA] and each entire arm accounts for 9%. Full thickness
burns [3rd degree] are characterized by charred or white, leathery
skin. Because the entire dermis, including the nerves, are destroyed,
pts do not feel pain)
Prior to your arrival at the scene, a young female was removed from a
body of water after being submerged for an unknown period of time.
You should manage her airway appropriately while considering the
possibility of:
A) spinal injury.
B) hyperthermia.
C) internal bleeding.
D) airway obstruction. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ A
(When caring for a pt with a submersion injury [near drowning], you
should consider the possibility of a spinal injury. Many water-related
incidents occur when a pt dives into shallow water and strikes their
head. Water can be aspirated into the lungs, but will not cause an
obstruction of the upper airway. Another common finding in pts with
a submersion injury is hypothermia. Although it is possible for the pt
to have internal bleeding at the same time, especially if they
experienced a traumatic injury before the submersion, spinal injuries
are more common)
Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with
decompensated shock?
A) Diaphoresis and pallor
B) Falling blood pressure
C) Restlessness and anxiety
D) Tachycardia and tachypnea - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ B
(During shock, the compensatory mechanisms of the body attempt to
maintain the BP. This is accomplished by increasing the heart rate,
shunting blood from the skin to more vital organs, and increasing the
respiratory rate to increase the O2 content of the blood. Once these
,compensatory mechanisms fail, the BP will fall [hypotension].
Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool, clammy skin
[diaphoresis] are earlier signs of shock)
Following blunt trauma to the chest, a 33-year-old male has shallow,
painful breathing. On assessment, you note that an area to the left
side of his chest collapses during inhalation and bulges during
exhalation. These are signs of a/an:
A) flail chest.
B) pneumothorax.
C) isolated rib fracture.
D) pulmonary contusion. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ A
(Flail chest: if two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or
if the sternum is fractured along with several ribs, a segment of the
chest wall may be detached from the rest of the thoracic cage; the
detached portion of the chest wall moves opposite of normal. It
moves in during inhalation and out during exhalation [paradoxical
motion]. Isolated rib fractures are not associated with paradoxical
motion because they are usually fractured in only now place.
Pneumothorax: the pt's respirations are often labored; in severe
cases, an entire side of the chest may not move at all. Pulmonary
contusion: [bruising of there lung tissue] does not cause paradoxical
chest motion unless associated with a flail chest)
A 33-year-old factory worker was crushed between two pieces of
machinery. You find him lying supine on the ground complaining of
severe pain to his pelvis. He is restless, diaphoretic, and tachycardic.
What should you do?
A) Prepare for immediate transport
B) Perform a detailed secondary exam
C) Carefully log roll him to check his back
D) Palpate his pelvis to assess for crepitus - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔✔✔✔ A
(Based on the MOI and the presence of signs of shock [restlessness,
tachycardia, diaphoresis], you should suspect that the pt has a
fractured pelvis and is bleeding internally. Therefore, after completing
your primary assessment and initiating shock treatment, you should
perform a rapid H>T assessment to assess for other injuries and then
prepare for transport. You should also avoid palpating his pelvis; this
, will only cause further pain and may cause additional injury. Palpation
of the pelvis is performed to assess stability, not to elicit crepitus.
Consider applying a pelvic binder device or tying a sheet around his
hips in order to reduce the space within the pelvis; doing so may help
slow internal bleeding. A detached secondary exam of a critically
injured pt at the scene is not appropriate; it takes too long to perform
and should be done en route to the hospital if time permits)
Damaged small blood vessels beneath the skin following blunt trauma
cause:
A) mottling.
B) cyanosis.
C) hematoma.
D) ecchymosis. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ D
When small blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged, blood
seeps into the soft tissues. This manifests as a bruise, also referred
to as ecchymosis. A hematoma develops when larger blood vessels
are ruptured and the internal bleeding forms a noticeable lump.
Cyanosis is a blue or purple discoloration of the skin and signifies a
low content of oxygen in the blood. Mottling occurs when the skin
takes on a blotched, purple appearance and is a sign of shock
(hypoperfusion).
While assessing a patient who was ejected from his truck, the EMT
notices that his chest collapses and his abdomen rises during
inhalation. What should the EMT suspect?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Fractured sternum
C) Ruptured diaphragm
D) Intra-abdominal bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ A
(Diaphragmatic breathing: this explains why his abdomen moves but
his chest does not. This indicates a spinal cord injury below C5 level.
The phrenic nerves which innervate the diaphragm arise from C3-C5.
The intercostal nerves, which arise from below C5 level, have been
interrupted; this would explain the absence of chest wall movement.
Fractured sternum: depending on the severity of the fracture, would
be expected to cause the chest to collapse during inhalation and
bulge during exhalation, similar to flail chest. Ruptured diaphragm:
expected to present with a scaphoid [concave] abdomen and
VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS] DETAILED
AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A (BRAND NEW!!)
Factors that affect a person's ability to compensate for internal or
external blood loss include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) advanced age.
B) the rate of blood loss.
C) high cholesterol in the blood.
D) blood-thinning medications. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ C
(The compensatory responses of tachycardia and peripheral
vasoconstriction decrease as a person ages; thus, older pts are not
able to compensate as effectively as younger pts. Older pts
commonly take medications to treat high BP, such as beta blockers;
these drugs may blunt the body's release of the catecholamines
necessary to increase the heart rate. The ability to compensate for
blood loss is also related to how rapidly blood loss occurs. Pts who
take blood-thinning medications [warfarin {Coumadin}] bleed longer
than those not taking such medications. There is no known
correlation between high cholesterol and a person's ability to
compensate for blood loss)
A 44-year-old male experienced burns to his anterior trunk and both
arms. He is conscious and alert, but is in extreme pain. Assessment
of the burns reveals reddening and blisters. This patient has
________________ burns that cover _____ of his total body surface
area.
A) first-degree, 27%
B) partial-thickness, 36%
C) second-degree, 45%
,D) full-thickness, 18% - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ B
(Partial-thickness [second degree] burns damage the epidermis and
part of the dermis, and are characterized by blistering and severe
pain. Areas of superficial [1st degree] burns, which cause reddening
of the skin, commonly surround partial-thickness burns. The anterior
trunk [chest and abdomen] accounts for 18% of the total body surface
area [TBSA] and each entire arm accounts for 9%. Full thickness
burns [3rd degree] are characterized by charred or white, leathery
skin. Because the entire dermis, including the nerves, are destroyed,
pts do not feel pain)
Prior to your arrival at the scene, a young female was removed from a
body of water after being submerged for an unknown period of time.
You should manage her airway appropriately while considering the
possibility of:
A) spinal injury.
B) hyperthermia.
C) internal bleeding.
D) airway obstruction. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ A
(When caring for a pt with a submersion injury [near drowning], you
should consider the possibility of a spinal injury. Many water-related
incidents occur when a pt dives into shallow water and strikes their
head. Water can be aspirated into the lungs, but will not cause an
obstruction of the upper airway. Another common finding in pts with
a submersion injury is hypothermia. Although it is possible for the pt
to have internal bleeding at the same time, especially if they
experienced a traumatic injury before the submersion, spinal injuries
are more common)
Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with
decompensated shock?
A) Diaphoresis and pallor
B) Falling blood pressure
C) Restlessness and anxiety
D) Tachycardia and tachypnea - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ B
(During shock, the compensatory mechanisms of the body attempt to
maintain the BP. This is accomplished by increasing the heart rate,
shunting blood from the skin to more vital organs, and increasing the
respiratory rate to increase the O2 content of the blood. Once these
,compensatory mechanisms fail, the BP will fall [hypotension].
Restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool, clammy skin
[diaphoresis] are earlier signs of shock)
Following blunt trauma to the chest, a 33-year-old male has shallow,
painful breathing. On assessment, you note that an area to the left
side of his chest collapses during inhalation and bulges during
exhalation. These are signs of a/an:
A) flail chest.
B) pneumothorax.
C) isolated rib fracture.
D) pulmonary contusion. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ A
(Flail chest: if two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places or
if the sternum is fractured along with several ribs, a segment of the
chest wall may be detached from the rest of the thoracic cage; the
detached portion of the chest wall moves opposite of normal. It
moves in during inhalation and out during exhalation [paradoxical
motion]. Isolated rib fractures are not associated with paradoxical
motion because they are usually fractured in only now place.
Pneumothorax: the pt's respirations are often labored; in severe
cases, an entire side of the chest may not move at all. Pulmonary
contusion: [bruising of there lung tissue] does not cause paradoxical
chest motion unless associated with a flail chest)
A 33-year-old factory worker was crushed between two pieces of
machinery. You find him lying supine on the ground complaining of
severe pain to his pelvis. He is restless, diaphoretic, and tachycardic.
What should you do?
A) Prepare for immediate transport
B) Perform a detailed secondary exam
C) Carefully log roll him to check his back
D) Palpate his pelvis to assess for crepitus - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔✔✔✔ A
(Based on the MOI and the presence of signs of shock [restlessness,
tachycardia, diaphoresis], you should suspect that the pt has a
fractured pelvis and is bleeding internally. Therefore, after completing
your primary assessment and initiating shock treatment, you should
perform a rapid H>T assessment to assess for other injuries and then
prepare for transport. You should also avoid palpating his pelvis; this
, will only cause further pain and may cause additional injury. Palpation
of the pelvis is performed to assess stability, not to elicit crepitus.
Consider applying a pelvic binder device or tying a sheet around his
hips in order to reduce the space within the pelvis; doing so may help
slow internal bleeding. A detached secondary exam of a critically
injured pt at the scene is not appropriate; it takes too long to perform
and should be done en route to the hospital if time permits)
Damaged small blood vessels beneath the skin following blunt trauma
cause:
A) mottling.
B) cyanosis.
C) hematoma.
D) ecchymosis. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ D
When small blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged, blood
seeps into the soft tissues. This manifests as a bruise, also referred
to as ecchymosis. A hematoma develops when larger blood vessels
are ruptured and the internal bleeding forms a noticeable lump.
Cyanosis is a blue or purple discoloration of the skin and signifies a
low content of oxygen in the blood. Mottling occurs when the skin
takes on a blotched, purple appearance and is a sign of shock
(hypoperfusion).
While assessing a patient who was ejected from his truck, the EMT
notices that his chest collapses and his abdomen rises during
inhalation. What should the EMT suspect?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Fractured sternum
C) Ruptured diaphragm
D) Intra-abdominal bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔✔✔✔ A
(Diaphragmatic breathing: this explains why his abdomen moves but
his chest does not. This indicates a spinal cord injury below C5 level.
The phrenic nerves which innervate the diaphragm arise from C3-C5.
The intercostal nerves, which arise from below C5 level, have been
interrupted; this would explain the absence of chest wall movement.
Fractured sternum: depending on the severity of the fracture, would
be expected to cause the chest to collapse during inhalation and
bulge during exhalation, similar to flail chest. Ruptured diaphragm:
expected to present with a scaphoid [concave] abdomen and
