1|Page
BIO 1108 2025/2026 EXAM 1 WITH ALL COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS (EXPERT
VERIFIED) FOR GUARANTEED PASS TOP-RATED
A+.
BIO 1108
Prepare for BIO 1108 2025/2026 Exam with confidence. This
comprehensive resource includes updated exam questions covering
topics like ecology, evolution, genetics, and organismal biology. Ideal
for students in introductory biology.
What accounts for the similarities and differences between
species? ...... ANSWER ....... The theory of evolution.
How did Aristotle and Linnaeus view species? ......
ANSWER ....... Aristotle viewed species as fixed
(unchanging). Linnaeus viewed all the physical changes
occurring in an individual during its lifetime as inherited
by its offspring (use and disuse).
How was this different from the way Darwin viewed them?
...... ANSWER ....... Viewed new species could arise
from ancestral forms through the gradual accumulation of
adaptations.
,2|Page
How does natural selection differ from artificial selection?
...... ANSWER ....... Natural selection is when
individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and
reproduce at higher rates because of those traits. Artificial
selection is a modification of species by selecting and
breeding individuals with desired traits.
What is the difference between homologous and analogous
structures/traits? ...... ANSWER ....... Homologous
structures are similar features observed in different
organisms due to a common ancestry. Analogous structures
are similar features that are observed in different
organisms but that have not been inherited from a common
ancestor.
What is convergent evolution? ...... ANSWER .......
Analogous traits arise through independent adaptation to
similar environments (not through common ancestry)
Be able to give an example of convergent evolution. ......
ANSWER ....... Sugar gliders in Australia and flying
squirrels in North America.
Phenotype vs. genotype, allele, locus. ...... ANSWER
....... Phenotype is physical characteristics, and genotype
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is the set of genes it carries. Alleles are alternative versions
of genes, accounting for variations in inherited characters.
Locus is the physical site or location of a specific gene on a
chromosome.
What makes evolution possible? ...... ANSWER .......
The differential survival of organisms following their
naturally occurring variation.
Can mutations of DNA in any cell be passed to offspring?
Explain your answer. ...... ANSWER ....... Germline
mutations occur in reproductive cells (sperm or eggs) and
are passed to an organism's offspring during sexual
reproduction. Somatic mutations occur in non-
reproductive cells; they are passed to daughter cells during
mitosis but not to offspring during sexual reproduction.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation used to test? If the
observed genetic makeup differs from expectations under
Hardy-Weinberg, what does that say about the population?
...... ANSWER ....... Calculate the genetic variation of a
population at equilibrium. If the frequencies of alleles or
genotypes deviate from the value expected, then the
population is evolving.
, 4|Page
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? If a population is in
H-W equilibrium, what can you say about that population? If
given allele frequencies for a population over several
generations, be able to identify if it is in H-W equilibrium.
...... ANSWER ....... Describes the expected genetic
makeup for a population that is not evolving at a particular
locus. If the population is at equilibrium, then it is not
evolving.
Be able to calculate genotype and allele frequencies for a
population. ...... ANSWER ....... Genotype frequency:
Specific trait (red flowers)/ total traits (red, white, and
pink flowers).
Allele frequencies: (# of red flowers) x2= 0.8 and (# of white
flowers x2)= 0.2.
Two traits should add up to one.
Natural selection ...... ANSWER ....... The adaptive
evolution, in which traits that enhance survival or
reproduction increase frequency over time.
What is the only mechanism that consistently causes
adaptive evolution, and why? ...... ANSWER .......
Natural selection. Evolution by natural selection involves
both chance and "sorting. " New genetic variations arise
BIO 1108 2025/2026 EXAM 1 WITH ALL COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS (EXPERT
VERIFIED) FOR GUARANTEED PASS TOP-RATED
A+.
BIO 1108
Prepare for BIO 1108 2025/2026 Exam with confidence. This
comprehensive resource includes updated exam questions covering
topics like ecology, evolution, genetics, and organismal biology. Ideal
for students in introductory biology.
What accounts for the similarities and differences between
species? ...... ANSWER ....... The theory of evolution.
How did Aristotle and Linnaeus view species? ......
ANSWER ....... Aristotle viewed species as fixed
(unchanging). Linnaeus viewed all the physical changes
occurring in an individual during its lifetime as inherited
by its offspring (use and disuse).
How was this different from the way Darwin viewed them?
...... ANSWER ....... Viewed new species could arise
from ancestral forms through the gradual accumulation of
adaptations.
,2|Page
How does natural selection differ from artificial selection?
...... ANSWER ....... Natural selection is when
individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and
reproduce at higher rates because of those traits. Artificial
selection is a modification of species by selecting and
breeding individuals with desired traits.
What is the difference between homologous and analogous
structures/traits? ...... ANSWER ....... Homologous
structures are similar features observed in different
organisms due to a common ancestry. Analogous structures
are similar features that are observed in different
organisms but that have not been inherited from a common
ancestor.
What is convergent evolution? ...... ANSWER .......
Analogous traits arise through independent adaptation to
similar environments (not through common ancestry)
Be able to give an example of convergent evolution. ......
ANSWER ....... Sugar gliders in Australia and flying
squirrels in North America.
Phenotype vs. genotype, allele, locus. ...... ANSWER
....... Phenotype is physical characteristics, and genotype
,3|Page
is the set of genes it carries. Alleles are alternative versions
of genes, accounting for variations in inherited characters.
Locus is the physical site or location of a specific gene on a
chromosome.
What makes evolution possible? ...... ANSWER .......
The differential survival of organisms following their
naturally occurring variation.
Can mutations of DNA in any cell be passed to offspring?
Explain your answer. ...... ANSWER ....... Germline
mutations occur in reproductive cells (sperm or eggs) and
are passed to an organism's offspring during sexual
reproduction. Somatic mutations occur in non-
reproductive cells; they are passed to daughter cells during
mitosis but not to offspring during sexual reproduction.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation used to test? If the
observed genetic makeup differs from expectations under
Hardy-Weinberg, what does that say about the population?
...... ANSWER ....... Calculate the genetic variation of a
population at equilibrium. If the frequencies of alleles or
genotypes deviate from the value expected, then the
population is evolving.
, 4|Page
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? If a population is in
H-W equilibrium, what can you say about that population? If
given allele frequencies for a population over several
generations, be able to identify if it is in H-W equilibrium.
...... ANSWER ....... Describes the expected genetic
makeup for a population that is not evolving at a particular
locus. If the population is at equilibrium, then it is not
evolving.
Be able to calculate genotype and allele frequencies for a
population. ...... ANSWER ....... Genotype frequency:
Specific trait (red flowers)/ total traits (red, white, and
pink flowers).
Allele frequencies: (# of red flowers) x2= 0.8 and (# of white
flowers x2)= 0.2.
Two traits should add up to one.
Natural selection ...... ANSWER ....... The adaptive
evolution, in which traits that enhance survival or
reproduction increase frequency over time.
What is the only mechanism that consistently causes
adaptive evolution, and why? ...... ANSWER .......
Natural selection. Evolution by natural selection involves
both chance and "sorting. " New genetic variations arise
