1|Page
ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST
2025/ 2026 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Name the parts of the Biliary Tree, and what is the name
of the tumor that occurs between the right and left hepatic
ducts? - ANSWER-A: Left Hepatic Duct
B: Right Hepatic Duct
C: Common Hepatic Duct
D: Cystic Duct
E: Common Bile Duct
X: Cholangiocarcinoma @ junction of rt and lt hepatic duct
AKA Klatskin tumor
What tumor occurs at the junction of the right and left
hepatic duct? - ANSWER-Cholangiocarcinoma, also called
a Klatskin tumor
Give examples of prehepatic, intrahepatic and posthepatic
portal hypertension - ANSWER-Pre- Portal vein
thrombosis
Intra- Cirrhosis; schistosomiasis
Post- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
,2|Page
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure? -
ANSWER-Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Renal enlargement + increased resistive index may be
associated
Name four sonographic indications of portal vein
thrombosis - ANSWER--Echogenic material within vessel
lumen
-increase in portal vein diameter
-portosystemic collateral circulation
-cavernous transformation
Name causes of prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic
portal hypertension: - ANSWER-Prehepatic portal
hypertension: Portal Vein thrombosis
Intrahepatic portal hypertension: Cirrhosis;
Schistosomiasis
Posthepatic portal hypertension: Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Identify causes of renal vein thrombosis: - ANSWER--IVC
or renal vein extrinsic compression
-nephrotic syndrome
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-renal tumors
-renal allografts
-trauma
What are the four sonographic indications for acute renal
vein thrombosis? - ANSWER-1. Dilated thrombosed renal
vein
2. Absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. Enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
What is the sonographic appearance of chronic renal vein
thrombosis? - ANSWER-decreased renal size
increased parenchymal echogenicity
How are obstructive nephropathy and non obstructive
nephropathy differentiated sonographically? - ANSWER-
Obstructive nephropathy (hydronephrosis) is diagnosed if
the RI is greater than .7 (can only occur in acute
obstruction)
Non obstructive nephropathy is diagnosed if the RI is less
than .7
, 4|Page
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common
congenital anomaly. What genitourinary tract anomaly is
commonly associated with a contralateral UPJ
obstruction? - ANSWER-Unilateral multicystic dysplastic
kidney
What is the most common cause of obstruction in patients
with acute flank pain? - ANSWER-Renal Calculi
Name the three common locations within the urinary tract
for obstruction from a renal calculi. Which is the most
common? - ANSWER-1. Ureterovesical Junction (most
common)
2. Ureteropelvic junction
3. Ureteric Obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
What is the formula for resistive index? - ANSWER-Peak
systolic - End diastolic / Peak systolic
Describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side
of an arteriovenous fistula: - ANSWER-Abnormally low
resistive arterial flow pattern; waveform has increased and
sustained diastolic flow
ARDMS ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM NEWEST
2025/ 2026 COMPLETE 250 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
Name the parts of the Biliary Tree, and what is the name
of the tumor that occurs between the right and left hepatic
ducts? - ANSWER-A: Left Hepatic Duct
B: Right Hepatic Duct
C: Common Hepatic Duct
D: Cystic Duct
E: Common Bile Duct
X: Cholangiocarcinoma @ junction of rt and lt hepatic duct
AKA Klatskin tumor
What tumor occurs at the junction of the right and left
hepatic duct? - ANSWER-Cholangiocarcinoma, also called
a Klatskin tumor
Give examples of prehepatic, intrahepatic and posthepatic
portal hypertension - ANSWER-Pre- Portal vein
thrombosis
Intra- Cirrhosis; schistosomiasis
Post- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
,2|Page
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure? -
ANSWER-Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Renal enlargement + increased resistive index may be
associated
Name four sonographic indications of portal vein
thrombosis - ANSWER--Echogenic material within vessel
lumen
-increase in portal vein diameter
-portosystemic collateral circulation
-cavernous transformation
Name causes of prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic
portal hypertension: - ANSWER-Prehepatic portal
hypertension: Portal Vein thrombosis
Intrahepatic portal hypertension: Cirrhosis;
Schistosomiasis
Posthepatic portal hypertension: Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Identify causes of renal vein thrombosis: - ANSWER--IVC
or renal vein extrinsic compression
-nephrotic syndrome
,3|Page
-renal tumors
-renal allografts
-trauma
What are the four sonographic indications for acute renal
vein thrombosis? - ANSWER-1. Dilated thrombosed renal
vein
2. Absence of venous flow within the kidney
3. Enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high resistive renal artery waveform
What is the sonographic appearance of chronic renal vein
thrombosis? - ANSWER-decreased renal size
increased parenchymal echogenicity
How are obstructive nephropathy and non obstructive
nephropathy differentiated sonographically? - ANSWER-
Obstructive nephropathy (hydronephrosis) is diagnosed if
the RI is greater than .7 (can only occur in acute
obstruction)
Non obstructive nephropathy is diagnosed if the RI is less
than .7
, 4|Page
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common
congenital anomaly. What genitourinary tract anomaly is
commonly associated with a contralateral UPJ
obstruction? - ANSWER-Unilateral multicystic dysplastic
kidney
What is the most common cause of obstruction in patients
with acute flank pain? - ANSWER-Renal Calculi
Name the three common locations within the urinary tract
for obstruction from a renal calculi. Which is the most
common? - ANSWER-1. Ureterovesical Junction (most
common)
2. Ureteropelvic junction
3. Ureteric Obstruction at level of pelvic inlet
What is the formula for resistive index? - ANSWER-Peak
systolic - End diastolic / Peak systolic
Describe the waveform characteristics of the arterial side
of an arteriovenous fistula: - ANSWER-Abnormally low
resistive arterial flow pattern; waveform has increased and
sustained diastolic flow
