Bio 141 PSU Exam 1| 80 Questions with
Solutions
Homeostasis - -the body's ability to maintain a constant environment, the body can detect
change and respond
-Physiology - -mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
-Negative Feedback Loop - -body senses change and reacts to negate or reverse the
condition
-Positive Feedback Loop - -self-amplifying cycle in which an INITIAL change leads to a
greater change and so on...
-Carbohydrates - -functions as energy, structure, cell identity
-Triglycerides - -type of lipid, functions as energy storage, insulation, cushions organs
-Phospholipids - -type of lipid, cell membranes
-Steriods - -type of less common lipid, cell membranes and hormones
-Saturated Fats - -found in meat and dairy products, all single bonds
-Unsaturated Fats - -found in plant oil, fish, and avocados, contains single, double, and
triple bonds
-Proteins - -polymer of amino acids, functions as structure, communication,
-Amino acids - -20 different types, joined by peptide bonds to make proteins
-Nucleic Acids - -function in energy transport (ATP), hereditary material (DNA), and
protein synthesis (RNA)
-Nucleotides - -Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
-Anabolism - -enzymes that make molecules
-Catabolism - -enzymes that break molecules
-Transcription - -make a working copy of the gene
-Translation - -translate the nucleotides to amino acids
, -Cytoplasm - -fluid inside the cell
-Nucleus - -location of DNA, production from RNA
-Endoplasmic Reticulum - -location of translation (protein synthesis)
-Golgi Bodies - -stacks of membranes, packages proteins for transport in membrane
bubbles called vesicles
-Mitochondria - -production of ATP
-Cytoskeleton - -network of proteins in the cytoplasm, function: structural support, tracks
for transport of vesicles and organelles
-Plasma Membrane - -made of phospholipids and cholesterol, is selectively permeable
-Passive Transport - -does not require energy
-Diffusion - -spontaneous movement of particles from high to low concentration
-Leak Channels - -Channel-mediated, open all the time
-Gated Channels - -channel-mediated, open only some times
-Facilitated Diffusion - -carrier-mediated, carrier protein moves solute down
concentration gradient, solute must bind, change of protein shape moves solute
-Active Transport - -carrier-mediated, requires energy, moves solute up concentration
gradient
-Osmosis - -diffusion of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
-Hypertonic - -more solute than something
-Hypotonic - -less solute than something
-Isotonic - -the same amount of solute than something
-Central Nervous System - -brain and spinal cord enclosed in bony coverage, serves as
integration center
-Peripheral Nervous System - -nerves, ganglion, serves to deliver/send information to the
central nervous system
-Neurons - -specialized cells that make up nervous tissue
Solutions
Homeostasis - -the body's ability to maintain a constant environment, the body can detect
change and respond
-Physiology - -mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
-Negative Feedback Loop - -body senses change and reacts to negate or reverse the
condition
-Positive Feedback Loop - -self-amplifying cycle in which an INITIAL change leads to a
greater change and so on...
-Carbohydrates - -functions as energy, structure, cell identity
-Triglycerides - -type of lipid, functions as energy storage, insulation, cushions organs
-Phospholipids - -type of lipid, cell membranes
-Steriods - -type of less common lipid, cell membranes and hormones
-Saturated Fats - -found in meat and dairy products, all single bonds
-Unsaturated Fats - -found in plant oil, fish, and avocados, contains single, double, and
triple bonds
-Proteins - -polymer of amino acids, functions as structure, communication,
-Amino acids - -20 different types, joined by peptide bonds to make proteins
-Nucleic Acids - -function in energy transport (ATP), hereditary material (DNA), and
protein synthesis (RNA)
-Nucleotides - -Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
-Anabolism - -enzymes that make molecules
-Catabolism - -enzymes that break molecules
-Transcription - -make a working copy of the gene
-Translation - -translate the nucleotides to amino acids
, -Cytoplasm - -fluid inside the cell
-Nucleus - -location of DNA, production from RNA
-Endoplasmic Reticulum - -location of translation (protein synthesis)
-Golgi Bodies - -stacks of membranes, packages proteins for transport in membrane
bubbles called vesicles
-Mitochondria - -production of ATP
-Cytoskeleton - -network of proteins in the cytoplasm, function: structural support, tracks
for transport of vesicles and organelles
-Plasma Membrane - -made of phospholipids and cholesterol, is selectively permeable
-Passive Transport - -does not require energy
-Diffusion - -spontaneous movement of particles from high to low concentration
-Leak Channels - -Channel-mediated, open all the time
-Gated Channels - -channel-mediated, open only some times
-Facilitated Diffusion - -carrier-mediated, carrier protein moves solute down
concentration gradient, solute must bind, change of protein shape moves solute
-Active Transport - -carrier-mediated, requires energy, moves solute up concentration
gradient
-Osmosis - -diffusion of water across a membrane from high to low concentration
-Hypertonic - -more solute than something
-Hypotonic - -less solute than something
-Isotonic - -the same amount of solute than something
-Central Nervous System - -brain and spinal cord enclosed in bony coverage, serves as
integration center
-Peripheral Nervous System - -nerves, ganglion, serves to deliver/send information to the
central nervous system
-Neurons - -specialized cells that make up nervous tissue
